Reconstruct History In Production

Fichte's historical philosophy is an important part of the German classical historical philosophy.Influenced by Kant,Herder,and other great minds,Fichte constructed a new historical philosophy system based on the late science of knowledge.In this system,he first discussed the origin of time and distinguished transcendental history and empirical history.Then he made a Logical deduction of universal blueprint and the theory of historical division.Fichte's theory is valued because he not only continues the tradition of historical philosophy,but also establishes specific principles based on this tradition.However,due to the limits of his times and his thoughts,Fichte's historical philosophy inevitably has problems in two aspects:one is limiting the development of history by setting an end and the scope of history;the other is impossibility of grasping the true driving force of history as he regards historical development as spiritual progress,while ignoring reality and individual perspectives.These two problems were solved in Marx's historical materialism,and this solution was presented in a critical way in the contrast between the two philosophers.The ontological basis for the formation of historical materialism and communism was due to the change of philosophical stance from late epistemology to practical materialism.Marx discarded Fichte's teleological approach to constructing history between the absolute beginning and the end,and reinterpreted the totality of history with the real core of communism,a tendency to discover the new world in the process of criticizing the old one.He also discarded Fichte's historical plan of gradually replacing rational instinct with human reason but instead re-established the concreteness of history with the development law of "production" in the emergence and demise of "alienation".The totality and specificity of history are unified in historical materialism.By criticizing Fichte's historical interpretation and historical progress theory,Marx completed the philosophical task of reconstructing history.Fichte regards rational and unconscious governance as the starting point of history,and applies the theory of historical stages as a prior standard to explain history.He believes that the key to historical progress lies in mastering science and art.By contrast,Marx reconstructed the whole process of history by explaining the historical interpretation based on the premise of historical materialism of "real individual",which also contained its ontological basis,that is,the four factors of the original historical development.Marx believes that the basic structure of historical interpretation lies in the dialectical relationship between productive forces and forms of communication,which are unified in a "production" state in a specific historical period;the realistic picture of historical progress is reflected not only in the process of class differentiation and struggle in specific regions,but also in the history of the world brought about by the nature of capital and international division of labor.