The Ethical Construction Of Autonomous Robots As Quasi-moral Actors

In the emerging science and technology field,artificial intelligence as a technology has become the main direction of future technological development,and robots are the most direct recipients of this technology.From the perspective of the development of artificial intelligence technology,artificial intelligence technology has placed more emphasis on research.And develop the ability to simulate aspects such as human emotions,learning,etc.After robots are implanted with this artificial intelligence technology,it means that they will have more and more autonomy,and human participation in decision-making will gradually decrease.Artificial intelligence technology has revolutionized the way of life of human beings,and we are amazed at the development and changes in some areas.However,from the perspective of the field in which this technology has been applied,the problems arising from it also need to be taken seriously.For example,who should bear responsibility for a car with an autonomous driving system in a traffic accident? Such cases of traffic accidents have indeed occurred in reality,and people's attention has generally focused on the issue of responsibility in this accident.Some scholars think that robots can act as artificial ethics agent,while some scholars oppose this.Opposition to artificial moral agent emphasizes the moral attributes associated with them,as moral agent need to meet the specific conditions they should have,such as consciousness,rationality,and free will.And these are all possessed by man as a moral actor,and it is clear that machines cannot possess these capabilities peculiar to human beings.Scholars who support artificial moral agent pay more attention to the behavioral results produced by agent.As long as they can produce similar behaviors,they think that they have these conditions.Opponents start from the conditions that man should have as a moral actor,emphasizing that having these conditions is a necessary and sufficient condition for being a moral actor.Proponents do not pay attention to these conditions,and even from a more realistic point of view,when making autonomous decisions,autonomous robots are indeed out of the control of human beings.In liability accidents or moral faults,humans also lack responsibility Conditions of this responsibility.Based on this,consider giving robots quasi-ethical agent who assume quasi-responsibility.This quasi-ethical actor is similar to a role as a minor.After the autonomous robot is identified as a quasi-ethical actor,it is important to construct an ethics around it.As a quasi-responsible actor,we must ensure that this autonomous system's behavior tends to be "good" as much as possible in order to ensure human security and avoid excessive liability issues.The "top-down" construction method,regardless of whether it adopts utilitarian or compulsory theory as the framework for the ethical design of robots,faces a lot of practical problems in computing,and it is difficult to idealize them.The "bottom-up" construction method skips complicated programming,empowers robots to learn,enables them to develop and evolve themselves,and completes self-correction in the process of continuous learning,thus also getting rid of "top-down" The confusion brought about by the "down" construction method,but this construction method obviously also has unsafe factors,because there is no specific standard to limit the constant "mutation" and "duplication" of the robot in the learning process.The construction method of "mixed mode" is to combine and supplement the advantages and disadvantages of the above two methods.Virtue ethics provides a connection point for this "hybrid model" construction method.Therefore,the construction method of "hybrid mode" also seems more reasonable.Of course,the effective ethical design of robots is to ensure the safety and reliability of such autonomous robots as much as possible,but the responsible persons should also bear their own corresponding responsibilities.In view of our previous discussions and the possible social impact of autonomous robots,and the attribution of responsibility,we can at least from the levels of government management,scientific and technological personnel,humanists,entrepreneurs and users "Responsibility".Because they bear corresponding responsibilities in the approval,development,production and use of robots.