Research On Land Purchase Coupons In The Northern Area Of ??Song And Yuan Dynasties

On the basis of inheriting the previous generation,the Hades Ground Certificates in the northern area of song and Yuan Dynasties continued to develop,forming a unique style of voucher content.Although a large number of the Hades Ground Certificates were unearthed in the northern area of song and Yuan Dynasties,most of them were scattered in a single excavation report and concentrated local inscriptions,which was very unfavorable for the study of the characteristics of the times and folk beliefs reflected.Therefore,this paper comprehensively collects and sorts out the Hades Ground Certificates in the northern area of song and Yuan Dynasties,and deeply discusses the rich connotation of this period.The article consists of five parts:In the first part,the unearthed distribution of the Hades Ground Certificates in the northern area of Song and Yuan Dynasties is sorted out and counted.Most of the land coupons were unearthed in Shanxi,Henan,Gansu and Shanxi provinces,among which Shanxi was the largest,which was closely related to the thick burial custom in Shanxi area of song and Yuan Dynasties.The second part analyzes the materials and writing methods of the Hades Ground Certificates.In the northern area of Song and Yuan Dynasties,most of the Hades Ground Certificates were made of brick and stone,which was closely related to the convenience and non perishability of brick and stone and the long-standing belief of Lingshi.In addition,the ancient belief in red exorcism and Taoism belief in cinnabar also led to the use of “writing in red ink” in the Hades Ground Certificates.The third part studies the identity of the owner of the Hades Ground Certificates.According to the records of the Hades Ground Certificates,the form and accompaniment of tombs,the Hades Ground Certificates are popular among the common people and rich landlords.Although a few official families have used them,they have not formed a scale.The fourth part discusses the changes of the text content of the Hades Ground Certificates in the northern region.On the whole,the evolution trend of the contentsof the coupons in this period is from the hundred flowers blooming in Song and Liao dynasties to the unity of Jin and Yuan Dynasties.The fifth part reveals the geomancy and public opinion methods contained in the northern area of Song and Yuan Dynasty.At this time,there is a trend that ZhaoMuGuanYu method and BaGuaZhong method are used together in the Hades Ground Certificates,and the size of the graveyard described in most of the Hades Ground Certificates is consistent with the steps of the Five Surnames and LiuJiaBaGuaZhong,reflecting that the Five Surnames burial method is commonly used in the northern areas of Song and Yuan Dynasties.Besides,in the northern part of Song and Yuan Dynasties,the description of geomantic omen is almost the same because it imitates the model articles in the book of “DiLiXinShu” and“YingYuanZongLu”.However,the purchase of the Hades Ground Certificates in the South was deeply influenced by the theory of geomantic omen in the Southern Song Dynasty.There are a lot of detailed descriptions of geomantic omen in the Hades Ground Certificates.