| Xinjiang,which is located in the northwest border of China,was once regarded as a golden world by European and American people because of its vast and sparsely populated land and rich products.Since modern times,there has been more and more wars in Xinjiang,frequent changes of political power,intensification of ethnic contradictions,people suffering from the scourge of war,and foreign forces are also waiting for opportunities to nibble away and infiltrate.Since the change of flag in the Northeast in 1928,eliminating local forces and reshaping the central authority has become an important frontier governance strategy of the Nanjing National Government.However,due to the weak financial resources of Nanjing,it is difficult to intervene in the local affairs of the border areas,so the Xinjiang region is timely and divorced from the central government.In 1933,there was a "April 12" coup in Xinjiang.Jin Shuren was ousted,Sheng Shicai came to power,and gradually took control of the military and political power in Xinjiang.In the early days of Sheng Shicai's reign,the disaster of war in Xinjiang did not stop,business traffic was blocked,and the businessmen and people in Xinjiang asked for the intervention of the central government.In order to save the local financial crisis and pacify Ma Zhongying,Sheng Shicai also sent a letter to the central government asking for financial allocation.Under the crisis of the change of power between the old and new warlords and the financial and economic collapse,the Nanjing National Government found an opportunity to comfort Xinjiang and successively sent Huang Musong and Luo Wengan to lead a delegation into Xinjiang.However,the effect of consolation was counterproductive,which intensified Sheng Shicai's centrifugal tendency and embarked on the road of being pro-Soviet.After the failure of two consolation activities,the Nanjing National Government realized that it was difficult to compete for meritorious service in the short term,and instead adopted a steady integration strategy.First of all,the Executive Yuan set up the Xinjiang sorting and preparation Office,and the specific person in charge,Huang Shaoxing,once proposed an expedition to Xinjiang,but it failed,and then Sheng Shicai took the opportunity to remove the wings of the Kuomintang in Xinjiang,causing the military suppression of the insurgency to cometo naught.Second,the central government set up the Xinjiang Construction Planning Committee,after the establishment of the committee,completed the collection of documents related to Xinjiang,but failed to provide substantive help to the integration of Xinjiang.In order to solve the financial crisis in Xinjiang and other issues,the central ministries and commissions have studied and formulated relevant measures,and partially agreed to the local demands of Xinjiang.Third,the central government has weakened the local diplomatic power of Xinjiang by rectifying personnel and funds.However,under the counterattack of Sheng Shicai,the diplomatic power returned to the local hands.Fourth,the national government is committed to building roads into Xinjiang,but due to administrative complexity,contradictions between the central and local governments and other reasons,the road construction plan between Lanzhou and Dihua can not be implemented.As for the proposals for the construction of the New Suiyuan Highway and other traffic construction,most of them remained verbal,and the whole plan to build the road into Xinjiang was delayed.On the basis of previous studies,taking the Collection of Xinjiang Archives during the period of the Republic of China as the main historical data,and combining with other documents,this paper examines the chaos in Xinjiang before and after the "April 12" coup and the Xinjiang-related measures of the Nanjing National Government,reveals the interactive game between the central government and Xinjiang,and interprets the integration of the Nanjing National Government to Xinjiang from the perspective of historical facts. |
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