Research On The Script Of The "Three Kingdoms Opera" Of Beijing And Shanghai Kunqu Opera In The Late Qing Dynasty

In the late Qing Dynasty,China was suffering from internal and external troubles,poor and weak,and was dying after several wars.Kunqu Opera suffered a lot in the turbulent society.In the late Qing Dynasty,Kunqu Opera practitioners took many measures to save themselves.Among them,Kunqu Opera "Three Kingdoms drama" came into being.Kunqu Opera,which has always been dominated by literary drama,played an important role in attracting audiences to the popularization of Kunqu Opera.The implementation of this measure had something to do with the success of Peking Opera at that time.However,the martial arts in Peking Opera were first learned from Kunqu Opera.Obviously,the development of Peking Opera and Kunqu opera has always been mutual reference and mutual influence.Through a detailed study of the text content of the "Three Kingdoms drama" of Beijing and Shanghai Kunqu Opera in the late Qing Dynasty,it can be found that the creators mostly adopted the principle of taking,in which the libretto was almost directly copied from the "Three Kingdoms drama" scripts such as Yuan zaju,Ming Chuanqi and Qing palace court drama.In addition to making minor changes,we also delete all the vulgar fragments with sexual hints.This kind of adaptation not only inherits and develops the excellent tradition of the previous opera literature,but also does not lose the basic characteristics of Kunqu opera art.Comparing Kunqu Opera of the Three Kingdoms with Peking Opera of the Three Kingdoms in the late Qing Dynasty,the differences are mainly reflected in the following aspects: Kunqu Opera is relatively simple in terms of story content,while Peking Opera is more complicated;in order to promote justice and educate the people,Kunqu Opera tends to portray the main characters as elegant and upright images.Beijing Opera is more to attract the attention of the audience,and in line with the interest of popular literary works,and tends to portray the main characters as cowardly,fearing death and living in seclusion.However,in terms of the expression of the theme,both of them coincide with each other,expressing the idea of "embracing Liu and demoting Cao",and putting the future of the country and the sigh of rise and fall into the creation of opera.In the late Qing Dynasty,the experience of script creation of "Three Kingdoms opera" in Beijing and Shanghai Kunqu opera has provided new enlightenment for the development of Kunqu Opera today: increasing the proportion of Kunqu Opera,regaining the "unique skill" of opera,increasing the degree of attention;taking ugly feet as the center,creating excellent kunzhou opera;returning to traditional opera,looking for high-quality public case opera with practical significance,as a breakthrough for Kunqu opera to open the market.In addition,it is important to base on the tradition and learn from others' strengths,so as to reflect the practical significance in the main thought.