Attentional Components Of Badminton And Archery Athletes In The Visual Search Task Of Return Inhibition

The inhibition of return(IOR)is a more slowly response to previously noticed objects or locations,which reflects the adaptability of information processing to complex environments and has important practical significance in life.There are various components in return inhibition,which work together through sensory,perceptual,attentional,oculomotor and motor systems to produce IOR and improve the efficiency of visual search.The relationship between inhibition of return and attention has been widely concerned.Initially,the focus was on whether the inhibition of return was inhibition of attention or inhibition of response.Now it has shifted to focus on how to inhibit.Here,the non-attentional components of inhibition of return were controlled to the greatest extent by using a static balanced target-target paradigm combined with a simple discrimination task,so as to explore the attentional mechanism of IOR.During the initial process and the detection process,the relative position of the target formed five experimental conditions: repeat,change-horizontal,change-vertical,change-diagnoal and neutral.The mechanism of attention component in IOR was discussed by comparing the attention component under 5 conditions.Taking badminton players and archery players as the representatives of the athletes of environmental dominant attention events and the athletes of main dominant attention events respectively,the covert employment of attention of IOR among athletes of different attention types were compared,and advantages of IOR among athletes were demostrated.The N2 pc component of event-related potential analysis provides evidence for attention allocation.Fifty participants took part in the experiment,including 18 badminton players(20.28±2.89 years old,14 males),14 archery players(19.07±2.40 years old,10 males),and 18 college students(21.69±2.77 years old,8 males).The main results are as followings:(1)reaction time,the RT of change-vertical is the longest,the repeat condition is the second,the RT of the ipsilateral hemifield is longer than that of the contralateral hemifield;In the simple task,the difference of IOR ability between the badminton players and the college students was significant,while in the complex task,the difference of covert deployment of Attention between the two hemifields of archery players was not significant.(2)In terms of amplitude of N2 pc,in simple task change-vertical and change-diagonal were the lowest,the average amplitude of ipsilateral hemifield was larger than that of contralateral hemifield.The average amplitude of change-vertical was the lowest in complex tasks.The average amplitude of ipsilateral hemifield was significantly smaller than that of contralateral hemifield.(3)In terms of N2 pc lantency,the change-vertical and change-diagonal were delyed,and the lantency of archey players was significantly delayed in complex tasks.We conclude that there is indeed attention component in the IOR.There are at least two attention qualities that affect the behavior of IOR.Firstly,the amount of attention assigned to different positions is different,and the amount of attention assigned follows the gradient principle of the two sides,that is,more attention is paid to the controlateral hemifield,less to the ipsilateral hemifield,and is regulated by the path of attention.Secondly,time spent to covert employment of attention to different positions varies,and it may follow a "first horizontal,then vertical" order.The evidence of both is provided by the amplitude and latency of N2 pc respectively.These two qualities interact with each other when they affect the reaction.The specific mode of interaction remains to be further explored.The difficulty of the experimental task has effects on the rules of attention allocation,distribution amount and time of attention allocation.At the same time,the IOR ability of badminton players is stronger than that of archery players and college students,which is reflected in the difference of distribution amount.The archery players' IOR occurs,which is related to the time points allocated for attention.