The Child's Subject And Object Are Separated

The development of individual cognitive ability is a process from asocial stage to object centrality stage.In terms of spatial cognition,this development principle is whether the individual can distinguish egocentric and allocentric frame of reference,and then form accurate representations of the positional relation and make a correct judgment.The concepts of left and right orientation is defined according to the vertical symmetry axis of the human body,so their development process is closely related to the two framesl.However,which is the beginning age when children can distinguish different frame in left and right cognitive process? How does this happen?What are the differences in the development characteristics of this ability,especially when the target is dynamic? There are many significant issues that are worth researching.Therefore,this study aims to further explore the development trend and influencing factors of 4-6 years old children to distinguish egocentric and allocentric frame of reference in the process of left-right spatial orientation cognition.98 subjects were selected in experiment 1,and a four-factor mixed experimental design was adopted: 2(Frame of reference: egocentric and allocentric)×2(Positional relationship: horizontal and non-horizontal)×2(Judgment orientation: left and right)×3(Age: 3.5-4.5,4.5-5.5,5.5-6.5).The dependent variable was the score in the block judgment task.101 subjects were selected in experiment 2,and a five-factor mixed experimental design was adopted: 2(Frame of reference: egocentric and allocentric)×2(Position transformation: changed and unchanged)×2(Rotation direction:clockwise and counterclockwise)×2(Starting position: left and right)×4(Age: 4.5-5,5-5.5,5.5-6,6-6.5).The dependent variable was the score in this task.The results indicated that:(1)In the static condition and in the subject frame of reference,3.5-4.5 years was significantly lower than 4.5-5.5 years,and 4.5-5.5 years was significantly lower than 5.5-6.5 years,5.5-6.5 years was significantly higher than the other two in the allocentric frame;(2)in the dynamic situation,5.5-6 years was significantly higher than 4.5-5 and 5-5.5 years;6-6.5 years was significantly higher than the other three groups,with the largest increase in the scores of 5.5-6 years;(4)when the left and right position is unchanged,the score of 6-6.5 years was significantly higher than that of the other three groups,while the difference between the other three groups was not significant;(5)there was no significant difference in children’s scores of “left” and “right” in either static or dynamic situations.Conclusion:(1)In the static state of the target object,the left and right concepts of 3.5-4.5 years are not stable,4.5-5.5 years can make correct judgment in egocentric reference,5.5-6.5 years can distinguish egocentric and allocentric reference,basically understand the relativity of the left and right orientation;(2)In the state of dynamic target,4.5-5.5 years can make correct judgement in egocentric reference,5.5-6 years can judge in allocentric reference,6-6.5 years can gradually separate the egocentric and allocentric frame of reference,and begin to understand the conversion of the left-right concept;(3)The younger children are,the more limited they are in their understanding of the concepts of left and right;(4)In the process of spatial cognition,there is no obvious sequence difference between children’s “left” and “right” concepts.