The Changes Of Panchaya's Special System Under The Federal System: A Historical Perspective

Panchayati raj means 'rule(raj)by assembly(ayat)of five(panch)',which is one of the oldest and most widely distributed local government systems in India.After the independence of India,it was signed in the Constitution in 1950 as a suggesting institution.It was not until 1992 that the federal government delivered an amendment to give detail rules about this institution.Analyzing the feudal and colonization history of panchayati raj,this paper points out its content of caste idea,as well as the unsteadiness of this system and the complexity of its idea t before independence.Through historical research,this paper finds out the reason why this institution survived in a modern nation,and discovers the inevitable conflicts between those complex ideas and federalism which leads to the conflicts between panchayat system and federal system.In that way,this paper uses federal system as an argument to study the changes of panchayati system.In 1950,the federal system and panchayat system was made constitutionalisation by the force of power and the incident of history.Panchayat system was forced to change in order to survive in the outer system of federal system.In these changes,the federal system is a main actor and makes great efforts.This paper finds out the two different strategies federal system implemented in two different periods in the institution changes of panchayat system through analyzing the ideas and political power.From 1952 to 1964,the federal system in India used political power in institution-designing.From 1977 to 1992,the federal system used its idea of federalism to attract politicians.Finally,this paper makes a contrast and appraisal of these two strategies,and discusses how these two strategies make the difference of panchayat system between 1960 and 1992.