The Impact Of Heterogeneous Human Capital On Service Trade

From the perspective of global trade pattern,service trade has become a new engine of economic growth and a new field of economic competition among countries.With the expansion of the scale of service trade and the profound changes in the structure of service trade,human capital is becoming the key point of trade competition,especially in developed countries.As a global city,Shanghai is also China's economic and trade center.However,in the past 20 years,the scale of Shanghai's trade in services has grown significantly,from $129.27 billion in 2011 to$2018.80 million in 2016,nearly doubled.But Shanghai service export was significantly less than imports,the deficit,and showed a trend of increasing,at the same time,Shanghai service export focus on transportation,travel and other traditional service industry,labor-intensive areas,the effectiveness of inhomogeneous human capital than the developed countries.So,it's significant to analyze the influence of inhomogeneous human capital on service trade,promoting Shanghai's service trade development and transformation.Based on theory of comparative advantage and specific factor model,this paper expounds the influence mechanism of heterogeneous human capital on service trade,and analyzes the current situation of Shanghai service trade and heterogeneous human capital.Through normative analysis and build a theoretical model to explore inhomogeneous human capital's influence mechanism on trade in services.With 2000-2016 time series data of Shanghai's trade in services and inhomogeneous human capital,we carry out empirical test.This paper mainly includes the following contents:first,the literature on the relationship between heterogeneous human capital and service trade is sorted out and summarized,and the problems that need to be further studied are put forward.Secondly,based on Shanghai's recent data,this paper analyzes the current situation and problems of Shanghai service trade and heterogeneous human capital.Thirdly,on the basis of normative analysis,the theoretical model of the influence of heterogeneous human capital on service trade is constructed,and the mechanism of the effect of inhomogeneous human capital is analyzed.Fourthly,the effect of heterogeneous human capital on service trade is empirically tested and the results are analyzed.Fifth,combining with ways to cultivate and accumulate heterogeneous human capital and present situation of Shanghai's service trade,advise on human capital accumulation,promoting the development of service trade in Shanghai,optimizing the structure of trade in services.Through theoretical analysis and empirical test,this paper mainly draws the following conclusions:the input of heterogeneous human capital can promote the promotion and transformation of the comparative advantage of service trade;Basic human capital and knowledge-based human capital utility is positive in Shanghai's service trade,but the effect is not obvious,this can explain why Shanghai's service deficit is serious and why exports mainly in traditional service industry;The sustained loss of skilled human capital has not yet played a role in service trade of Shanghai,explaining the extremely low proportion of technology export.At the present stage,increasing the investment intensity of heterogeneous human capital will increase the marginal rate of return and facilitate the development and transformation of Shanghai's trade in services.