Diagnosis And Comparative Study Of Mythological Concepts By Third-order And Fourth-order Tests

With the reform of new curriculum,the development of core literacy to discipline literacy is a problem to be solved urgently in school education.In physics teaching,grasping the basic concept accurately is the key and fundamental of discipline literacy.But students are not ignorant before accepting a scientific concept,they have accumulated a great deal of personal experience in their daily life as well as in their previous studies,some of which are correct,but some are wrong,even contrary to scientific concepts.After students receive formal physics studies,some of the preconception that contrary to scientific conception can be transformed and some remain.At the same time,for a variety of reasons,in the process of building new conception,students also produce new understandings that are inconsistent with or contrary to scientific conception,which we call the "misconception".These misconceptions have characteristics such as stubbornness,concealment and repetitiveness,they are prevalent among students.Moreover,the research on physicsmisconception is mainly focused on the field of mechanics and electromagnetism,and the research on the misconception of mechanical wave is relatively few.However,mechanical wave is an important part of physics:As a composite concept,it contains many sub concepts such as mechanics and kinematics,and as a phenomenon,mechanical waves are widely used in physics and other fields.Therefore,it is necessary to study the misconception of mechanical wave.The multiple-choice test is a common method for diagnosing misconception.In order to make diagnostic methods more scientific,the researcher has developed "three-tier test "and "four-tier test" by adding "confidence rating index" to measure the Certainty of students' answer.In the field of science education,many foreign studies have added confidence rating index to the test of multiple-choice,but the application of confidence index in our country has just started.Since the four-tier test has a more confidence rating index than the three-tier test.It can take a longer time to test,and the complexity of results would increase,so what are the advantages of four-tier test?Does it differ from the three-tier test in the diagnosis of misconception?How much difference do they have?On the basis of above thinking,this paper chooses a total of 675 senior high school students from three different schools in Xi ' an,in the translation of 4WADI(the Four-tier Wave diagnostic instrument),three-tier test and four-tier test are compiled respectively,then the misconception of mechanical wave is investigated by two kinds of tests respectively,and the diagnosis results are compared and analyzed,the conclusions are as follows:(1)There are false negatives,false positives and lack of knowledge in the students who took part in the test.(2)There is no significant difference in the understanding of mechanical wave concept among students from different schools and different genders.(3)The one-tier correct rate and two-tier correct rate of four-tier test are lower than three-tier test,but there is no significant difference.(4)Students' confidence rating index is generally high,and they often believe that their answers are correct.Students are overly confident in choosing the wrong answers to individual questions.There is no significant difference in confidence rating index between the three-tier test and the four-tier test.(5)It is generally that students choose the same confidence index for answer-tier and reason-tier in the four-tier test.They believe that the answer and the reason are related to each other,and the reason should support the answer.(6)Diagnosing the misconception,the four-tier test is more effective than the three-tier test,the former diagnoses 17 misconceptions,and the latter only diagnoses 8 misconceptions.It is mainly manifested in 4 aspects:general properties of waves and graphical representation of wave motion,wave motion versus particle motion,frequency,source and medium,wave speed in a medium with fixed properties.(7)Sums up the causes of the misconception in students' minds by combining the specific content of misconception and educational psychology and other theories.It mainly including the following aspects:preconceived life experiences,thinking patterns and negative migration,neglect of concept teaching,and failure to understand the essence of concepts.(8)Puts forward several teaching suggestions based on the misconception in students' minds,as follows:on the basis of paying attention to the connotation of basic concepts and fully understanding students' misconception,we can use cognitive conflict strategy,concept map strategy,PDEODE strategy and consolidation practice strategy to achieve the transition from the misconception to scientific concepts.The result show that there is no significant difference between the three-tier test and the four-tier test in diagnosing the misconception of mechanical wave,but the four-tier test can get more information and diagnose more significant misconception.Therefore,the four-tier test can improve the evaluation effect of multiple-choice test to a certain extent and provide more reliable diagnosis results.The confidence rating index can be extended to other areas of science to better diagnose misconception.