Action Research That Incorporates Knowledge Of The History Of Mathematics Into The Teaching Of Numbers With Letters

�Letters replacing numbers� as the first lesson of integral expression is an important basis for students to learn algebraic expression.How to help students understand the various meanings of the �letters replacing numbers� is a difficult problem for teachers.The new curriculum standards has been put mathematical culture in an important position,it requires math teachers to integrate cultural elements of mathematics in the classroom,to improve students' cultural literacy.The content of �representing numbers by letters� has a rich knowledge of the history of mathematics.This study attempts to design a teaching case in which the history of mathematics is integrated into the number of letters,and explores a method to improve the teaching of numbers in letters,hoping to integrate properly through the history of mathematics.It not only helps students to better learn the knowledge of numbers,but also gives students a positive emotional experience and establishes a correct mathematical view.The present study attempts to integrate the development history of �letters replacing numbers� into teaching and mainly investigates.Whether this kind of teaching design can improve students' understanding and cognition of �letters replacing numbers�? Whether it can have a positive impact on students' emotions,attitudes and values?This research uses the action research method to study the teaching practice of integrating mathematics history into letters replacing numbers.The action research method is a method that can combine the teaching theory and teaching practice in classroom teaching to provide effective teaching,and is also one of the effective ways to promote curriculum reform and teacher development.The research was conducted in two rounds,each of which went through four processes: planning,action,feedback,and reflection.After the first round of classroom implementation,the teaching design was improved in combination with the classroom recordings and the opinions of the expert teachers and the results of the questionnaire.Then,the improved teaching design was used for the second round of research.Through classroom observations,questionnaires,and interviews,we conclude that: The integration of mathematics history assists students to understand the development history of letters replacing numbers;Following the history and experiencing three important development stages of �letters replacing numbers� can help students understand the deep meaning of it;The stories of Diophantine,Veda and others allow students to experience the twists and turns of knowledge development and learn the courage of mathematicians,which improves students' self-confidence and persistent learning attitude.