The Group Differences In The Attainment And Results Of Shadow Education

The shadow education has become an issue of concern to researchers because of its effects on students' study performance and equity of social education.How does the shadow education affect study performance and thus affect educational equity?What factors are affecting this process?This paper focuses on these questions and explores from four perspectives:first,the shadow education's effects to study performance(positive,negative or no effects);second,to analyze the group differences in the shadow education;third,to discuss whether there is group differences in the effects of the shadow education on study performance;last but not the least,to discuss the relationship between shadow education and cultural reproduction.This paper uses the quantitative research method and STATA statistical software to analyze the "China Education Tracking Survey"(CEPS)2013-2014 baseline data and the 2014-2015 tracking data.Logistic regression,multiple regression and DID(difference in differences)models and Bourdieu's "cultural reproduction" theory are also applied in this paper.Through the author 's research,it is found that:First,the shadow education has significant effects on study performance—curricular after-school tutoring has a significant positive effect on study performance,while non-curricular after-school tutoring's effects varies--calligraphy and chess interest classes have a positive effect but sports and arts interest classes have a negative effect;Second,there are group differences in the acquisition of shadow education?the higher the families' social status and cultural capital are,the more likely they tend to participate in shadow education;Third,for groups with relatively high family cultural capital,the shadow education has a significant positive effect on students' study performance regardless of the type of tutoring.For children with low self-confidence or parents with low anticipation on their children's study performance,attending after-school curricular tutoring classes is conducive to improving study performance,and while in the interest classes,only sports interest classes have a significant positive effect on study performance;Fourth,the cultivation of children's chess and calligraphy interests may be a possible way of narrowing down the gap of study performance between the children of the disadvantaged class and those of the dominant class due to family capital.However,the shadow education may become the accelerator of cultural reproduction.With the accumulation of after-school tutoring,its positive effects on study performance have also increased significantly.The shadow education not only plays the role of reproduction,but also expands reproduction.From these conclusions,it is reasonable for us to establish a right direction and implement some customized reform measures while taking into account the needs of the government,society,schools and families,so that the adverse effects of shadow education on education equity may be alleviated.