Research On The Teaching Strategy Of Mechanics Problems In Senior One Based On The Problem-solving Model

Physics problems are an important part of physics teaching in middle schools.It is an important goal of physics teaching to deepen students' knowledge and mastery by solving problems one by one.The bias of the problem-solving tactics makes the problem-solving teaching lose its original meaning,so it is necessary to formulate a "problem-solving" teaching strategy on physical problems.Firstly,based on a large amount of literature,this article sorts out related concepts such as problems and problem solving,and finds the theoretical basis of constructivism,multiple intelligence theory,and information processing theory of “problem solving” teaching.Secondly,a questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate the physical problem solving ability and its influencing factors of 160 students in the first year of senior middle school in Shanghai.It was found that the physical problem solving ability of the freshman in senior one was not strong,and summarized the corresponding factorsThen based on the conclusions of the survey and research institutes,combined with the students' learning situation,the senior high school mechanics problems were classified,and corresponding "problem solving" teaching strategies were proposed for each type of problem.On the basis of three major types of mechanical problems: kinematics,statics,and dynamics,the author subdivides the problems,and divides dynamics into uniformly variable linear motion problems,moving image problems,and tracking problems;The problem is divided into a force analysis problem and a common point force balance problem;the dynamics problem is divided into a stacked body problem,a related speed problem,and a curved motion problem.Then put forward the corresponding "problem-solving" teaching strategies for these eight sub-categories: 1.present the problem in a variety of ways;2.analyze the problem in a variety of ways;3.solve the problem in various ways and define the optimal solution;Guide students to summarize and reflect from multiple perspectives;under the strategy of "using multiple methods to analyze the problem",different specific strategies are set according to the characteristics of the problem:Uniform speed linear motion problem:(1)Use "question chain" to provide problem solving ideas;(2)Simplify problems with moving image analysis;(3)Use multiple representation methods to analyze the movement of objects.Moving image problem:(1)Grasp the problem through the "question chain";(2)Give the image a life-like meaning;(3)Organize images with multimedia analysis;(4)Analyze images by analogy.Tracking down encounters:(1)Break through the blind spots of thinking through the "question chain";(2)Analyzing the displacement relationship of an object with the help of a coordinate system;(3)Encounter problems through image analysis.Force analysis problem:(1)Guide students to analyze problems with "question chain";(2)Feel the force of objects intuitively with the help of physical models;(3)Solve the difficult points of contact force analysis by using the hypothesis method;(4)By analogy,feel the impact of exercise on force analysis.Common point force balance problem:(1)Establish problem solving ideas through the "question chain";(2)Motion physics model to help students understand the problem.Stacked body problem:(1)Provide problem solving ideas through the "question chain";(2)Through experiments,let students feel the conditions of relative sliding;(3)Find the displacement relationship between objects with the help of schematic diagrams;(4)Analyze the movement of objects with the help of moving images.Correlation speed problems:(1)Provide problem solving ideas through the "question chain";(2)Use analogy to guide students to deepen their understanding of speed decomposition;(3)Help students break through speed relationships from an energy perspective.Curve motion problems:(1)Provide problem solving ideas through the "question chain";(2)Experimental exploration to break through the critical issue of circular motion;(3)Use the comparative method to study the problem of flat throw motion.Finally,the research on teaching practice of the proposed "problem solving" teaching strategy is carried out.