| Objective:Lunge is a common exercise to develop the strength and stability of unilateral muscles of lower limbs,and plays an important role in increasing the overall muscle circumference of lower limbs,as well as the prevention and injury of muscles and joints of lower limbs.The study of bio-mechanical characteristics of lower limb muscles during lunge and lunge in different modes can not only enrich the theory of lower limb training,but also provide scientific basis for the practice of daily exercise training.Based on this study subjects' lunge,the Front leg raise lunge and Rear-leg Elevated lunge,three different mode,the action of lower limb movement in the process of analysis and discussion the kinematics,dynamics and lower limbs is mainly responsible for muscle test results,the methods of electricity in order to explore three Split Squat bio-mechanical characteristics.It provides practical significance and valuable theoretical reference for the future course teaching and sports training practice.Research Methods: In this study,27 young male college students who volunteered to participate in the experiment were recruited from Tianjin institute of physical education as subjects.In all experiments,subjects' right leg was used as the front supporting leg.Use Qualisys motion capture system and Kistler plantar Pressure test system,respectively the subjects are falling and rising phase Angle,hip and knee joint in sagittal plane flexion and body Mass Center(COM)and plantar Pressure Center(COP)in the front and back and the parameters of the left and right,and so on.At the same time,combined use of Finland Mega company Mega Win6000 methods of electricity meter.This paper analyzed the main indexes of integrated electromyography value,root mean square value and muscle contribution rate of the six muscles of vastus medalist,rectos femoris,vastus lateralis,semitendinosus,biceps femoris and gluteus maximus.SPSS20.0 was used for statistical analysis.One-way variance(one-way Anova)was mainly used to analyze the main effect,and minimal difference comparison(LSD)was used to analyze the difference between the groups.The significance level was P=0.05.Results: In this experiment,the maximum flexion and extension angles of the hip and knee joints of the subjects were not statistically significant between the three types of lunge squats(P > 0.05).In the descending stage,the COP of the three types of lunges had no statistical significance in the front,back,left and right directions and migration area(P > 0.05).However,the COM of the three types of lunge squat had statistical significance in the forward and backward directions(P < 0.01).In the left and right directions,there was statistical significance between the lunge squat with the front leg raised and the lunge squat with the front leg raised and the lunge squat with the rear leg raised(P < 0.01),while there was no statistical significance between the lunge squat with the front leg raised and the lunge squat with the rear leg raised(P >0.05).In the ascending stage,the COP of the three types of lunges had no statistical significance in the front,back,left and right directions and the offset area(P > 0.05).However,the COM of the three types of lunge squat had statistical significance in the forward and backward directions(P < 0.01).In the left and right directions,there was statistical significance between the lunge squat with the front leg raised and the lunge squat with the front leg raised and the lunge squat with the rear leg raised(P < 0.01),while there was no statistical significance between the lunge squat with the front leg raised and the lunge squat with the rear leg raised(P > 0.05).In the descending stage,(1)The emg values of the vastus medialis,rectus femoris and vastus lateralis muscles were statistically significant between the lunge squats,the lunge squats with the front leg raised and the lunge squats with the rear leg raised(P < 0.01).The IEMG of gluteus maximus was statistically significant between lunge squats,lunge squats with front leg raised and lunge squats with rear leg raised(P < 0.05).There was no significant difference in IEMG between semitendinosus and biceps femoris(P > 0.05).(2)The RMS of the medial lateral femoris and rectus femoris were statistically significant between the lunge squats and the lunge squats with front leg elevation(P < 0.05).The RMS of semitendinosus,biceps femoris and gluteus maximus did not differ between lunge squats and lunge squats with raised forelegs(P > 0.05).The RMS of the semitendinosus muscle had a significant difference between the lunge squat and the lunge squat with hindquarters raised(P <0.05),while the RMS of the other five muscles had no significant difference(P >0.05).The RMS of the vastus internalis,biceps femoris and gluteus maximus had significant differences between the foreleg raised lunge squat and the hindleg raised lunge squat(P < 0.05),while there was no significant difference between the semitendinosus RMS(P > 0.05).(3)There was a significant difference in the contribution rate of six lower limb muscles between lunge squat and lunge squat(P <0.01).However,there was no significant difference in the contribution rate of six muscles between lunge squat and lunge squat(P > 0.05).The measured muscle contribution rate was significantly different between the lunge squat with foreleg raising and lunge squat with hind leg raising(P < 0.01).The muscle contribution rate of rectus femoris had no significant difference between the lunge squat with foreleg raising and lunge squat with hind leg raising(P > 0.05).In the ascending phase,(1)The IEMG of the vastus medialis was significantly different between the fore-leg raised lunge squat and the hindleg raised lunge squat(P< 0.05).IEMG of rectus femoris and semitendinosus showed significant differences between lunge squats and lunge squats,and between lunge squats and lunge squats(P< 0.01).The emg value of the vastus lateralis muscle was significantly different among the three squats(P < 0.01).There was a significant difference in IEMG of gluteus maximus between lunge squats and lunge squats(P < 0.05).In three lunge squat down two comparison,vastus lateralis muscle in the lunge squat down and back up between lunge squat IEMG there was no significant difference(P > 0.05);There was no significant difference in IEMG of biceps femoris(P > 0.05).(2)There was a significant difference in the RMS of rectus femoris between the lunge squat and the lunge squat with the front leg raised(P < 0.05),while there was no significant difference in the other five muscles(P > 0.05).There was no significant difference between the medial and lateral femoris muscles and the rectus femoris(P >,0.05),while there was significant difference between the semitendinosus,biceps femoris and gluteus maximus(P < 0.05).There were significant differences in six lower limb muscles between the lunge squat with the front leg raised and the lunge squat with the rear leg raised(P < 0.05).(3)The muscle contribution rates of the vastus medialis,rectus femoris,semitendinosus,and gluteus maximus showed no difference between the lunge squats and the lunge squats with foreleg elevation(P > 0.05).There was no significant difference in the contribution of the medial lateral femoris,semitendinosus,biceps femoris and gluteus maximus between the lunge squats and the lunge squats(P > 0.05),while there was a significant difference in the contribution of the rectus femoris(P < 0.01).The contribution rates of rectus femoris,vastus lateralis and biceps femoris were significantly different between the lunge squat with the foreleg raised and the lunge squat with the hindleg raised(P < 0.05),while the contribution rates of the vastus medialis,semitendinosus and gluteus maximus were not significantly different between the lunge squat with the foreleg raised and the lunge squat with the hindleg raised(P > 0.05).Research conclusion:(1)In the three types of lunge squats,Rear-leg Elevated lunge had the smallest sway diameter of the body center of gravity in the front and rear direction of the front supporting leg,and the strongest emg activation degree and emg activity of the lower limb muscles.the Front leg raise lunge had the largest sway diameter in the front and rear direction of the front supporting leg,and the lowest emg activation and emg activity in the lower limb muscles.(2)The greater the flexion Angle of hip and knee joint is,the more active the electromyography of the anterior muscles of lower limbs is,and the higher the requirement of muscle ability is.People who do rehabilitation exercises can adjust the Angle of the squat,step by step training,build up muscle strength.People with higher ability can choose Rear-leg Elevated lunge to enhance lower limb muscle strength and stability.(3)In the whole exercise procelunge of Rear-leg Elevated lunge in the three types of arch squat,the activation degree of vastus medialis,vastus lateralis and gluteus maximus of quadriceps femoris was the highest.Lunges with the front legs raised were least active;The activation degree of lunge squat was not as high as that of lunge squat with hind leg elevation,but there was no significant difference.Therefore,in unarmed training,Rear-leg Elevated lunge can better improve unilateral strength and explosive force of lower limb muscles and body stability.(4)The biceps femoris of the Front leg raise lunge has the highest degree of muscle activation and muscle recruitment in the three types of pulsating squats.the Front leg raise lunge can be preferred to exercise the biceps femoris.Meanwhile,it can also enhance the flexion of the trunk to increase the participation of biceps femoris,semitendineus and gluteus maximus,and improve muscle strength and muscle stimulation.(5)Rear-leg Elevated lunge in the three lunge squats has a high requirement for stability,so for people with poor body control ability and stability,lunge and the Front leg raise lunge with low requirement for stability can be selected for training.For people who enhance gluteus maximus and other lower limb muscle strength and body stability,Rear-leg Elevated lunge can be selected for intensive training. |
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