An Analysis Of Spatial Structure Evolution Of Sino-Africa Trade

The Forum on China-Africa Cooperation was held in Beijing in 2000,which is symbol of the Sino-Africa trade stepping into a new era.With the bilatera trade deepening,both of them's trade structrue is adjusting constantly,in the context of different economic interest requirements.Chinese economics is more and more complicated,which is the driving force to adjust the economic structure and foreign trade structure for "better to go out" to China today.There are many new opportunities and challenges faced by China in recent years.At the same time,African economics growth rate is faster and faster with huge demographic dividend,rich resources,hard working.Every country is reforming and opening up actively for "better intrducing".How do 55 African countries adjust their trade to China?How did China's provinces change in response to the country's call for "going out"to enter the African market?What changes in the adjustments of the two sides are reflected in the evolution of the spatial pattern?What are the development laws and evolution characteristics of each?These problems caused the author's attention and thinking.At present,relevant studies on Sino-African trade are mostly concentrated on trade effects,trade characteristics,and trade structure.There is less research on the spatial layout of trade.To make up for this vacancy,answer the previous question.This study summarizes relevant literature and uses trade-related data from both the Statistics Bureau and the International Trade Organization.With the help of the geographical concentration index,we can clarify the characteristics and changes in the spatial pattern of African countries' trade with China.Based on the trade dependence index,the diversification and equilibrium index,and the ratio of import and export structure,the distribution of non-tradable trade in China's provinces(cities/districts)was analyzed.The main conclusions are as follows:Sino-Africa trade has a long history and has experienced many stages of development since the founding of China.According to the difference in Sino-Africa trade growth,it can be roughly divided into four stages:"preliminary development","exploration","rapid rise" and "optimization of development".Since the development of trade is influenced by the economic and political conditions of both sides and the world situation,the four stages have their own distinctive features of the times.In general,prior to China's reform and opening up in 1978,Sino-Africa trade was dominated by the Chinese side,with more obvious political characteristics.From 1978 to 1990,influenced by Africa's political and economic development status and China's economic development strategy at that time,Sino-Africa trade was in an uncertain phase.After the 1990s,their respective economies basically went into formal form.At the same time,both parties sought their own economic interests.The development of Sino-African trade has entered the fast lane.In the 21st century,as the level of China's economic development continues to increase,both sides have begun to seek a broader space for development.African countries have also entered the process of reform and opening up.Sino-Africa trade has ushered in an unprecedented period of favorable growth.The spatial distribution pattern of China's import trade with Africa has been polarized,and the spatial distribution pattern of export trade has continued to be balanced.Sino-Africa Trade Geographical Intensity Index showed a trend of "first rise and then fall" with 2013 as the inflection point,among which the import geographic concentration index maintained a "fluctuating and rising"trend,and the export geographic concentration index showed a "slow decline".development trend.China's import trade with Africa is mainly concentrated in major exporters of crude oil and minerals such as South Africa,the Congo,and Angola.The import quota has gradually increased,and the concentration trend has been continuously strengthened.The relatively balanced distribution of export trade is mainly due to the rapid economic development of African countries in recent years and the large demand for Chinese products.The polarization in South Africa and Central Africa is serious.Trade between East Africa,North Africa,and West Africa is more balanced with China.The geographic concentration index of trade is in the order of South Africa>Central Africa>>East Africa>North Africa>West Africa.The geographical concentration of trade is basically the same as the internal economic differences in major regions of Africa.The trade structure of Sino-Africa trade is basically in the respective regions and their respective countries.The matching of resource endowments and the development of the economy relying on the export of raw energy resources is still an important strategy for Africa.Since 2000,the trade structure of both sides has been continuously optimized.Although China's main products imported from Africa still dominated by energy sources,which accounted for an absolute advantage,it showed a downward trend since 2013,and mineral resources products and cereal products had a significant increase.The substitution of textiles and garments for machinery and equipment has become China's main export product to Africa.In 2013,the growth rate of Sino-Africa trade witnessed the first decline since the financial crisis in 2008,and the proportion of China's imports from Africa in China's total imports has continued to decline.The distribution of trade between China's provinces(cities/districts)and Africa is agglomerating.Coastal areas are the main growth areas for Africa's trade.Due to the different economic development models and resource endowments of the various provinces(cities/districts)of the South and North,the import and export trade with Africa presents different development trends.The increase in exports to Africa by provinces(cities/districts)in the northern region is smaller than that in imports,while the provinces(cities/districts)in the southern region show opposite development trends.There are many heavy industry enterprises in the north,and the adjustment of industrial structure has increased the quantity of resources and energy imported from Africa.The southern region is a cluster of China's light industries and is an important source of China's exports of African products.The trade balance index and diversification index between China and Africa exhibit "V" shaped development characteristics.In terms of regional distribution,different provinces(cities/districts)and African trade have seen different development trends in coastal areas and inland areas.As an important distribution area of China's trade with Africa,coastal areas have dominated the changes in the trade balance index between China and Africa.However,due to the large internal differences and polarization,the inland areas have relatively balanced non-trade and the polarization effect is not significant..The financial crisis in 2008 had a serious impact on China's foreign trade processing companies.After that,China's 4 trillion bailout plan quickly responded,resulting in a sharp fluctuation in the trade balance index.In summary,the evolution of the spatial distribution pattern of Sino-Africa trade is based on the respective resource endowments of China and Africa.Both sides have continuously adjusted their economic and trade policies in order to better meet their respective political and economic interest demands in order to form a Sino-African trade in Africa.It shows the development trend of the distribution pattern with different import and export and the different agglomeration changes in China's coastal areas and inland regions,northern regions and southern regions.With the adjustment of China's trade structure and the economic development of Africa,the two sides continue to deepen cooperation,achieve complementary resources,complement each other in the market,and complement each other in the industrial chain,so as to better meet the needs of political and economic development and steadily move forward in a complex international situation.