| Rape(Brassica campestris L.)is the largest oil plant with the largest planting area and the highest yield in Sichuan.Sichuan is one of the main producing areas of rape,and its planting area is the first in the west in China.According to rape mechanization level was low in the hilly area of Sichuan Province,on the basis of the analysis of the relevant literature,rape mechanization direct-seeding;harvest mechanization and mechanized drying were studied.To determine the status of rapeseed production mechanization development stage in hilly area of Sichuan;and further to analyze the existing problems in the key sectors,the relevant countermeasures for improving the development level of mechanization of rape production were analyzed.The factors restricting Sichuan rapeseed production mechanization mainly included: landform restriction,equipment development and promotion is not enough,agricultural machinery and agronomic technology integration degree is not deep enough,the limit of the system,the national rural production of rape mechanization investment mechanism is not perfect and its material and growth characteristics of rape.Through the analysis of the current situation of the development of rapeseed production mechanization,it found that rape direct seeding technology can effectively improve the precision,improve the production efficiency;rape seedling transplanting technology was still mainly for manual or semi mechanized planting which was labor intensity and time consuming.Rape harvesting machinery mainly included sectional harvesting and combined harvesting machinery,but it had less application and higher loss rate in Sichuan.From the efficiency point of view,broadcast production cost is far lower than that of artificial planting transplanting production cost;combined harvester significantly improved work efficiency,reduced economic losses;sub harvest can effectively use rape after ripening,the rape windrower and picking up threshing machine can effectively increase the harvest time;mechanized drying has obvious economic benefits,the enterprise also reduced cost of operation,to ensure the quality of the product.By analyzing the main problems of rapeseed production mechanization of hilly area,it found that rape planting mechanization form seeding machine was too large,transportation was not convenient,seeding uniformity was poor and choose too few models.In addition,rape mechanized harvesting mainly existed tall plant detrimental to mechanical harvesting,and rape pods ripening period was short.In high burst loss rate,the current rape harvest mechanization degree was low.There were many problems such as large investment,low utilization rate and difficult to popularize in the mechanization drying of rape.In view of the existing in the hilly area of rape mechanization development problems,the measures to improve the development level of rape mechanization were enhancing the development and promotion of rape machine adaptation in mountainous and hilly areas,development of crawler tractors and supporting hill climbing ability.While supporting the precision seeder and segmented or harvesting technology can improve the hilly region level of rape mechanized production.At the same time,agricultural machinery and agricultural technology matching,from the selection of varieties,specifications,planting density,cultivation methods,mechanization,direct seeding,supporting mechanization,joint harvest and select the appropriate harvest time and so on.At the same time,we should strengthen the construction of basic conditions for agricultural machinery operation and strengthen the national policy to support the mechanization of agriculture in hilly areas.By analyzing the mechanical problems in the production process,agricultural and agronomic improvement should be combined to adapt in mountainous and hilly areas.The machinery of direct-seeding,harvesting and drying machinery should be designed,developed and optimized.Improve the yield and benefit of quality rape,and provide effective guarantee for oil security. |
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