An Empirical Study On Cognitive Bias In Pedestrians' Red Decision-making Behavior

At present,the process of urbanization is accelerating,and the surplus rural labor force is constantly transferring cities.The permanent population of the city has increased dramatically,and the number of motor vehicles has also been on an upward trend,making the city's road traffic environment increasingly complex.At the same time,violations of the red light by pedestrians have also occurred from time to time.Repeated bans have already become social malaise.The red light behavior affects the overall civilized quality of the city on the one hand,and it poses a threat to the life and health of pedestrians on the other hand,causing some losses to society and economy.In order to effectively curb this uncivilized and unsafe violation of the law,the relevant departments have taken various measures but have had little success.A large number of scholars have conducted various researches from different perspectives,but few studies have been conducted from the perspective of behavioral decision-making.Therefore,aiming at the risk characteristics of the behavior of red light,comprehensive cognitive psychology and behavioral decision-making theory,this paper constructs a risk decision-making model for pedestrians from the viewpoint of cognitive bias and risk perception.From the perspective of the internal psychological mechanism of behavioral decision-making,to explain and predict the red light behavior,to enrich the existing research on the behavior of the red light,to provide some reference for the traffic control department to effectively manage this behavior.Based on social cognitive theory and behavioral decision theory,this paper starts with cognitive bias and combines pedestrian risk perception to construct a risk decision model for pedestrians to use red light as the research model of this paper and puts forward the research hypothesis.Based on the results of literature analysis and pedestrian interviews,the cognitive biases of pedestrians were divided into representative bias,overconfidence,cognitive compliance,and attribution bias.Demonstrate the impact of cognitive bias and its dimensions on pedestrian risk perception and red light behavior,the impact of risk perception on red light behavior,and whether risk perception mediates the role of cognitive bias on red light behavior.Descriptive analysis,reliability and validity test,correlation analysis,one-variable andmultiple linear regression analysis were performed on 338 valid questionnaires to verify whether the hypothesis was established or not.The final study proves that: 1)Pedestrian cognitive bias and its dimensions positively affect red light behavior;2)Pedestrian cognitive bias negatively acts on risk perception.In addition to cognitive compliance,all other biases significantly negatively affect risk perception.3)The perception of pedestrian risk significantly negatively affects the behavior of the red light;4)The perception of risk plays a partial intermediary role in the relationship between cognitive bias and red light behavior.This paper reveals the role of various variables through questionnaire surveys.However,this relationship is only a superficial relationship and cannot reflect the internal mechanism of its production.Therefore,this article adds in-depth interviews and hopes to understand pedestrians' inner thoughts more deeply and meticulously.During the interview process,we can learn that most pedestrians will judge the risk and practicality of the red light based on past experience.The behavior of the surrounding pedestrians will have a certain influence on their judgments.When a pedestrian sees a red light beside or across the street,he or she will have the same idea,because at this time,many people are paralyzed and they do not suffer too much from the same behavior.Punishment and inner condemnation will spread responsibility.At the same time,many pedestrians have shown a tendency that they are very confident in their own judgments when making red light decisions,regardless of the risk of having an accurate probability.Another interesting finding is that during the interviews,many pedestrians revealed that they chose to run the red light because they were in a hurry and wanted to save time,but they continued to ask if he really saved time after the red light.Most of them said that they didn't think too much at the time,but they just felt that if they weren't busy,they would waste time.This kind of loss is still more sensitive and distasteful,but whether or not you save time is not very concerned.Under this "loss aversion",the risk perception of the red light was reduced and the final red light behavior was implemented.Therefore,this paper believes that these deviations should be taken as the starting point,focusing on correcting the cognitive biases of pedestrians crossing the street and improving their risk perception level so as to reduce the red light behavior.