Research On The Domestic Export Earnings And National Competitiveness In The High-tech Industry

In the international market of global economic integration,the high-tech industry has an important position in international economic and technological competition.According to the intellectual,innovative and strategic characteristic of the high-tech industry,its backward linkage effect is more significant.The backward linkage effect can drive the production of intermediates,improve the localization rate of parts and components and then enhance the core competitiveness.While the exports earnings based on backward linkage is the value added which the high-tech industry and its upstream industries create.Thus,in the competitive international market,every country try to improve the capacity of creating value added in the high-tech industry and its upstream industries to intensify the industry backward linkage effect.Thus,how to influence the national competitiveness by the capacity of creating value added in the high-tech industry and its upstream industries becomes an important research topic.Based on the new trade accounting framework,this paper firstly calculates the real export earning capacity(i.e.domestic export earning capacity)created by the high-tech industry and its upstream industries in 13 major trading countries according to the source and final absorption of export value.Secondly,it selects the index which most suitable for measuring national competitiveness and draws the advantage matrix between domestic export earning capacity and national competitiveness to examine the impact.The study found that,in summary,developed countries have a good foundation for the development of high-tech industries and have obvious advantages in terms of industrial scale and export scale.However,the growth rate of industrial scale and export scale in developing countries is generally faster than that in developed countries,also the national competitiveness and the ability of domestic export earnings have been significantly improved.From the perspective of grouping countries,China,Japan and the United States have both strong domestic export earnings capacity and national competitive advantages,while Canada and India are both at a disadvantage.Thirdly,based on the theory of international competitiveness,this paper constructs the theoretical framework of local export earning capacity and international competitiveness,puts forward theoretical assumptions from the perspective of technology substitution effect and income effect,price competition and non-price competition,and constructs static and dynamic models of international competitiveness to carry out empirical tests respectively.The study found that in the static model,in summary,the domestic export earning capacity of high-tech industries in various countries is significantly positively correlated with national competitiveness.At the same time,the per capita capital,labor force and technology content are also directly proportional to national competitiveness.From the perspective of sub-industries,the domestic export earning capacity has the greatest effect on the national competitiveness in the manufacturing of computer,optical and electronic equipment and the smallest effect on the national competitiveness of the manufacturing of basic medicine and pharmaceutical preparations.In the manufacturing of spacecraft,rocket and other transportation equipment,the domestic export earning capacity of developed countries has a negative impact on the national competitiveness,while the developing countries have the opposite performance.In the dynamic model,the conclusion drawn from the empirical test is basically consistent with that of the static model,and it is found that the model has hysteresis effect in the short term.But it tends to be stable in the long term.Finally,on the base of the above research conclusions,this paper puts forward corresponding policy suggestions to enhance China's high-tech industry's domestic export earning capacity and national competitiveness from the perspectives of local industrial structure,domestic and foreign market demand conditions and distribution of production factors.