Spatial Layout Optimization Of Rural Settlements In Qinggang County Based On Gravity Model

As a gathering place of farmers' production and life,the rational distribution of rural settlements can not only improve the intensive and economical use of rural land,but also further promote the development of urban-rural integration.For a long time,rural residential areas in China are in a state of spontaneous formation.The distribution of residential areas is scattered,and the idle land in residential areas is relatively common [1,2].In recent years,with the acceleration of population urbanization,a large number of rural housing idle,further exacerbating the waste of rural land resources,but also become an obstacle to urban-rural integration and agricultural scale development.Therefore,this paper takes Qinggang County,a typical agricultural county in Heilongjiang Province,as the research area,to determine urbanization-oriented rural settlements and non-urbanization-oriented rural settlements based on their location characteristics and self-development potential,and to refine non-urbanization-oriented rural settlements into active development-oriented rural settlements,control and reserve rural settlements,and relocation villages.Concurrent rural residential areas are the basis for the reconstruction of urban and rural system.In this paper,165 administrative villages in Qinggang County are taken as research units.From two perspectives of influencing factors of urbanization potential and development potential of rural residential areas,the urbanization potential of rural residential areas is evaluated and analyzed by selecting population,traffic scale and construction area to construct an evaluation index system of urbanization potential of rural residential areas.The modified gravity model is used to calculate the gravitational strength between rural settlements and the nearest central town to identify the urbanization and non-urbanization orientation.Thirdly,16 influencing factors of development basis,natural resources,public facilities,living conditions and agricultural production are selected to construct the evaluation index system of rural residential development potential,to calculate its own development potential value and identify its renovation type.Finally,combined with the weighted Voronoi map to identify the spatial impact scope of positive development rural settlements,the paper proposes a scheme of spatial integration of rural settlements in order to find an effective and reasonable method of spatial integration of rural settlements.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)Analysis of Urbanization Potential of Rural Residential Areas in Qinggang CountyAccording to the results of the evaluation and analysis of the urbanization potential of rural settlements in the study area,there are 7 urbanization-oriented rural settlements in the study area,and 59 and 99 low-level suitable and unsuitable urbanization-oriented rural settlements,respectively.After normalized treatment,the average value of urbanization potential of rural residential areas is 0.43,and the maximum value is 1.Most of the rural residential areas have low urbanization potential,while a few have high urbanization potential.Based on the revised gravity model,the gravitational value between 165 rural settlements and the central cities which are closest to their travel time cost is calculated to divide the urbanized and non-urbanized rural settlements.The results are divided into three categories: highly suitable,low suitable and unsuitable,and the number ratio is 7:59:99.Among them,highly suitable rural settlements were identified as urbanization-oriented,and low suitable and unsuitable spatial settlements were identified as non-urbanization-oriented,totaling 158.(2)Potential analysis of non-urbanization-oriented rural residential development in Qinggang CountyThe analysis of rural residential development potential shows that 59,65 and 34 rural residential areas are active development type,control reserve type and relocation and consolidation type,respectively.The development potential of 158 rural settlements in Qinggang County under the guidance of non-urbanization is still at a low level.According to the results of the evaluation index system of rural residential development potential in the study area,it can be seen that the potential value of rural residential development under the non-urbanization orientation in Qinggang County shows a normal distribution,and the total number of rural residential areas with the comprehensive score of development potential between(0.5,0.85)accounts for 79% of the total.According to the method of geometric interval,the development potential of patches in rural residential areas can be divided into three grades: positive development type,controlled reservation type,relocation and consolidation type.The potential value of patches in active development rural settlements is between(0.36,0.49),a total of 59.The potential value of controlled reserved rural settlements is between 0.29 and 0.36,totaling 65.The development potential of the rural residential areas of merging villages is the lowest,which is between 0.00098 and 0.29,totaling 34.(3)Analysis of spatial integration direction of rural settlements in Qinggang CountyBased on the above research results,four types of rural settlements in Qinggang County and their spatial integration direction are obtained,including local urbanization rural settlements,active development rural settlements,control reserved rural settlements,relocation and consolidation of rural settlements.The positive development rural residential areas are selected as the weighted Voronoi map generators,and the square root of their development potential values is taken as the weight,resulting in 59 positive development rural residential areas of spatial impact.Among them,in-situ urbanization rural residential areas proposed in-situ urbanization,the future and the integration of central cities and towns.Actively developing rural settlements,as the central villages,strengthen their own development,guide and support the development of their surrounding controlled and reserved settlements,and gradually merge the migration and mergertypes of rural settlements within their control.We should strictly control the continued expansion of reserved rural settlements,tap their internal potential,and strengthen communication and contacts with surrounding central towns or villages.Migration and consolidation should be chosen for rural residential areas of the type of migration and consolidation.The direction of the migration and consolidation point is the weighted Voronoi map generators where the migration and consolidation point is located.