| In recent years,with the development of China’s economy,the improvement of people’s living standards,the convenience of cross-border transportation and others factors,China’s outbound tourism has reached it’s "blowout" period.In 2011,China became the biggest country of tourists source of the world.And in 2012,China became the the biggest country of outbound tourism consumption []in the world.Facing such a strong demand of outbound tourism,it is crucial to study china’s outbound tourism.Japan has become the most attractive destination among others,for which has the close distance,rich tourism resources,high-technology and well-considered services.Therefore,it is necessary to study the Japanese tourism market.As the core content of tourism geography,tourism flow has always been a heated topic of domestic research.Under the guidance of tourism flow theory and tourism demand theory,and based on the data of the authoritative departments of China and Japan,this paper analyses the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics and evolution characteristics of China’s tourism flow to Japan,and explores the reasons for the distribution differences and evolution.On conclusion,on the base of qualitative analysis,this paper raises the demand model of China’s tourism to Japan by gravity model.The main research conclusions are as follows:(1)According to the dynamic development process of China’s tourism to Japan from 1990 to 2017,China’s tourism to Japan can be divided into three stages: the slow growth stage of 1990-2009,the fluctuant growth stage of 2010-2013 and the high-speed growth stage of 2014-2017.The trips to Japan have the obvious seasoncharacteristic,which is called short low season and the long high season.April,from July to October is the peak season,November-and-December is the slack season Citizens’ leisure time and climate are the two main influencing factors.(2)The income level,the size of urban populations,leisure time,national policies,tourism prices,exchange rate,cross-border transportation,major events and China-Japan relations are the main influencing factors of annual changes in tourism to Japan.In 2014,China’s tourism to Japan came into the high-speed growth stage,under the influence of Japan’s relaxation of visa policy to China,the new tax exemption policy,the appreciation of RMB,and low-cost airlines joining China-Japanese routes.(3)From 2000 to 2017,China’s tourism to Japan were deeply affected by major events and China-Japanese relations.Among the events,the“3.11 Japan Earthquake”had the noticeable impact,making the 46.8 percent of loss rate.The 2012 Diaoyu Island issue,the 2018 global financial crisis,Diaoyu island collision incident in2010,the SARA incident in 2005,the deterioration of China-Japanese relations in2005 also made a great affect on the going up of trips-to-Japan.(4)The origination of tourist sources has presented a three-tiered pattern of east,west and middle region.Among the top ten tourist source areas,the eastern region []take up seven,with the strongest travel capability.The main reasons for the differences in the spatial distribution of the source areas are the economic developing level,traffic conditions and distance.The spatial distribution of destinations also presents significant regional differences,mainly concentrate in the Kanto,Central,Kansai and Hokkaido regions.The main reasons for the differences in spatial distribution of destinations are tourism resource richness,economic development level,traffic conditions and tourist characteristics.The characteristic of destination spatial distribution has gradually changed from“dual-core condensation” to“multi-center shunting”.The main reason is that the proportion of multiple tours has increased,the self-help tour has become more and more popular,and all prefecture of Japan have stepped up publicity efforts.(5)The spatial distribution of tourism flows in Japan presents the forms of“radiative divergence”and “convergent aggregation”.And the tourism flows direction is characterized by "higher trend" and "abundant trend".In 2014,the scale of tourism flows in Japan was small,and Tokyo Prefecture was the main distribution center.In2015 and 2016,Tokyo Prefecture,Kyoto Prefecture and Osaka Prefecture were the main distribution centers,the Kanto and Kansai regions were the popular tourist destinations,and the central region was the main transit point.These three regions had prominent advantages for tourism and the rest regions was less of a draw for Chinese.(6)The empirical research on the demand influencing factors of China’s tourism to Japan shows that the income level and tourism price play the decisive role on tourism demand to Japan.The income level plays a positive role on tourism to Japan,the income elasticity of demand is 0.755 and inelastic.The tourism price changes will cause more changes in the tourism demand to Japan,and the price elasticity of demand is 2.47.Traveling to Japan is susceptible to major incidents or China-Japan relations,with the “3.11 Japan Earthquake” and “Diaoyu Islands incident” having the greatest impact.In addition,the appreciation of RMB and Sino-Japanese trade have a positive impact on tourism to Japan,but the impact is not significant. |
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