An Analysis Of The Critical Thought Of Modernity In Das Kapital:Text And Revelation

In the world of the 21 st century,people are enjoying many material conveniences brought by the development of modernity,and they are also suffering from the crisis brought by modernity.People turn their attention to how to deal with modernity correctly.Criticism of modernity has become a major issue of general concern in contemporary academic circles at home and abroad.Criticism of modernity runs through Das Kapital.It is helpful for us to analyze modern venereal diseases.In the first part of this paper,by sorting out the formation process of historical materialism,which is the theoretical basis of modernity criticism,it is concluded that Marx created historical materialism to guide his study of modernity criticism.Historical materialism put forward that productive forces determine production relations.Marx mainly studied capitalist mode of production and the production relations corresponding to it in Capital.The historical materialism puts forward that man is the sum of all social relations.In Das Kapital,Marx considers that man in capitalist society is the undertaker of certain class relations and interests from the perspective of production relations.The historical materialism provides methodological guidance for the critical thought of modernity in Das Kapital and promotes the deepening and scientificalization of the critical thought of modernity.The second part deeply analyses Marx’s criticism of fetishism,and concludes that under the premise of materialization of human relations,commodities,money and capital become objects of worship in the process of production and exchange,forming fetishism.By criticizing fetishism,it is concluded that monetary fetishism is a higher form of commodity fetishism,and capital fetishism is the highest form of fetishism.In the third part,the author tries to start with Marx’s critique of machines,through sorting out and analyzing the significance of the emergence,development and use of machines in the 19 th century capitalist society,and finds that while recognizing that the use of machines is to alleviate the inevitable existence of human labor,Marx also analyses that it has a negative impact on workers due to the use of capitalism: prolonging workers Workdays have increased the worker’s labor intensity,made the worker an accessory to the machine,increased the worker’s poverty,and also changed the family structure.Women and children in the family enter the factory,materialized family relations,exploited women’s spirit and body,and children suffer from physical damage,intellectual neglect and lack of affection.In the fourth part,through the study of Marx’s critique of fetishism and machine technology in Das Kapital,we can find the enlightenment to the contemporary society.Through Marx’s critique of materialization of the relationship between man and man,which is masked by the relationship between things and things,we can conclude that it is still applicable to criticize the over-consumption,blind consumption and other materialized phenomena existing in contemporary youth.We should guide the youth.The relationship between commodities,money,capital and human beings was correctly treated in 1986.The author uses the analytical framework provided by Marx’s machine critical thought to reflect on the impact of the fourth industrial revolution on youth.Firstly,science and technology are the primary productive forces,and the main factor of workers in the productive forces is youth,which has new requirements.Firstly,Marx put forward that modern production necessarily requires the replacement of part of the individual with all-round development of human beings.It verifies the development of the fourth industrial revolution technology and requires young people to strive to achieve their all-round development and establish the awareness of lifelong learning.Secondly,Marx believes that the use of machine capitalism causes artificial intellectual waste,inspires young people to have innovative ability and constantly adapt to new working methods.Secondly,productivity determines relations of production,and changes in productivity also have an impact on the relationship between people in relations of production.First,Marx proposed that the use of capitalism of machines breaks the original family relationship structure.The fourth industrial revolution,artificial intelligence,enabled more women to work and promoted equality between men and women.Secondly,Marx proposed the family affection of women after entering factories.Relationships were destroyed,and the Fourth Industrial Revolution,due to the more flexible working hours and places,enabled women to balance family and work,while deepening the emotional bonds between people.To sum up,Marx’s critical thought of modernity can still be validated effectively in contemporary society,which has explanatory power and practical significance to the problem of contemporary social modernity.