Study On Agricultural Production Efficiency And Its Influencing Factors In Heilongjiang Reclamation Area

As a basic industry in China,agriculture has made important contributions to ensuring the stability of the national economy.The "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period is a crucial period for the accelerated transformation and development of China's agriculture.It is the current main task to focus on the supply-side reform and actively improve the quality and efficiency of agricultural supply-side.As the backbone of China's state-owned agricultural economy,Heilongjiang Reclamation Area should take the lead and deepen the reform of the supply side of agriculture.At present,agricultural development faces enormous resources and environmental pressures.Although the reclamation area has sufficient agricultural production resources,in the long run,relying on the input of factors to promote output growth will not only lose the resource advantage,but also cause irreversible damage to the black land in the reclamation area due to excessive input of pesticides and fertilizers.On the other hand,a new round of scientific and technological revolution is on the rise,and the pace of modern agricultural construction is gradually accelerating,which has created a good opportunity for the agricultural development of Heilongjiang Recla:mation.The reclamation area should take the lead in transforming agricultural production mode,optimizing resource allocation,and improving agricultural production efficiency as the main direction of deepening supply-side reform,and building an aircraft carrier in the agricultural sector.To this end,this paper took the agriculture of Heilongjiang Reclamation as the research object.Firstly,this paper used the SBM directional distance function to measure the static agricultural production efficiency,Technical efficiency,of the whole area,the bureaus and the farms.The results showed that,on the whole,there was technical inefficiency in agricultural production in the reclamation,and the input redundancy was the main reason for inefficiency.Bad output was the second important factor.Good output has reached full technical effectiveness.From the perspective of the various bureaus,the level of inefficiency from high to low is Qiqihar Bureau,Bei'an Bureau,Jiusan Bureau,Suihua Bureau,Harbin Bureau,Baoquanling Bureau,Hongxinglong Bureau,Mudanjiang Bureau,Jiansanjiang Bureau.The three key factors that contribute to the inefficiency of agricultural technology in the various bureaus are the inefficient use of electricity in agriculture,the inefficiency of bad output(total nitrogen and total phosphorus loss),and the inefficiency of labor input.Of the 100 farms,only Yanjiagang Farm was fully technically effective,and the remaining 99 farms showed technical inefficiency.Based on the inefficiency measurement of agricultural technology,this paper used Luenberger productivity index to further measure the dynamic production efficiency of agricultural production-total factor productivity.The results showed that,overall,from 1994 to 2017,the agricultural total factor productivity of reclamation has increased.From the point of view of its decomposition,the technical efficiency has declined,but the overall production front of the reclamation has moved forward,realizing technological progress,and the degree of technological progress was greater than the decline of technical efficiency,thus showing the improvement of total factor productivity.On this basis,we have carried out qualitative and quantitative analysis on the influencing factors of agricultural production efficiency in the reclamation.The results showed that,among the four core variables,only technological innovation has a positive impact on agricultural production efficiency,but the impact is not significant.The current level of human capital,agricultural productive services and the level of opening up have shown a significant negative impact on agricultural production efficiency in reclamation.Among the six control variables,the level of infrastructure construction and marketization has a significant positive impact on agricultural production efficiency,while the level of economic development and the rate of disasters show a significant negative impact.Based on this,the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions for the improvement of agricultural production efficiency in the reclamation were put forward.