Study On Sustainable Livelihood Of Zhangjiajie Famers Under The Background Of Rural Ecotourism Development

The issue of " agriculture,countryside and farmers " is the most concerned topic of the Party and the state.Among them,the reaserch on farmers' sustainable livelihood is not only a " three rural " issue,but also an important part of the implementation of the strategy of rural revitalization.Based on this,this paper uses and draws lessons from the sustainable development analysis framework of Department for International Development(DFID)and Delphi method to construct an evaluation index system of Zhangjiajie farmers' sustainable livelihood,which consists of 5 primary indicators and 17 secondary indicators.At the same time,the Participatory Rural Assessment method(PRA)was used to obtain the first-hand data of 485 households in 12 different types of villages in Zhangjiajie.Through factor analysis and cluster analysis,the types of farmers in Zhangjiajie are divided,and the overall sustainable development level of farmers,the sustainable livelihood development level of various types of farmers and the important factors affecting the sustainable livelihood of local farmers are analyzed by means of hierarchical analysis and regression analysis.Finally,the author will put forward a series of targeted countermeasures and suggestions on the basis of the above research and analysis to improve the sustainable livelihood level of farmers.The results show that :(?)The overall sustainable livelihood level of Zhangjiajie farmers is at the general level.Among them,the material capital evaluation score is 3.3327,which belongs to a higher level.The scores of human capital,financial capital and social capital are 3.1504,2.9246 and 2.2927 respectively,which belong to the general grade.The score of natural capital is 1.7285,which is a relatively low level.This indicates that Zhangjiajie farmers are deficient in these aspects and their ability to avoid external risks is also very common and needs to be further improved.(?)The sustainable livelihood index of different farmers in Zhangjiajie is quite different.According to the composition of farmers with different livelihood levels,the maximum value of sustainable livelihood index is 4.07 and the minimum value is only 1.63,which indicates that there are obvious differences among farmers in sustainable livelihood index.Among them,there are 60 households with low sustainable livelihood index(0~2.4),accounting for 12.37% of the total.However,164 households(33.81%)have lower grades(2.4~2.8);140 households(28.87%)are classified as average(2.8~3.2),102 households(21.03%)are classified as relatively high(2.8~3.2),and 19 households(3.92%)are classified as high.(?)The types of sustainable livelihood of Zhangjiajie farmers can be divided into six categories.(1)The number of farmers of various types ranked from high to low,with 150 households(30.9%)of labor force type,113 households(23.3%)of relative retarded type,79 households(16.3%)of natural resources type,60 households(12.4%)of economic type,42 households(8.7%)of social resources type,and 41 households(8.5%)of fragile social relations type.(2)The level of livelihood index of various types of farmers is different,among which,the economic dominant type(3.2899)has the highest livelihood index,at the higher level;The dominant type of social resources(3.1216)ranked second,at the general level.The relative retarded type(2.5846)has the lowest level of livelihood index,at a lower level.(?)The level of sustainable livelihood index of farmers in different types of villages is also quite different.From high to low,they are scenic spot dependent type(3.1966),historical and cultural type(3.13611),leisure and vacation type(3.0753),traditional village type(3.0020),land flow transformation type(2.9727),ecological relocation type(2.74074)and urban support type(2.7296).Among them,the index level of the scenic spot dependent type is close to the higher level,the index level of the ecological relocation type and the traditional agriculture type is lower,and the rest are at the general level with slight differences.(?)There are 6 main factors that affect the sustainable livelihood index level of Zhangjiajie farmers.The specific degree of influence from high to low is : family expenses,housing area,type of work of family members,educational level of head of household,number of relatives and friends and type of work.(?)There is a certain correlation between the livelihood capital of Zhangjiajie farmers and the choice of livelihood strategies.The specific manifestations are : farmers with more natural capital are more inclined to rely on agricultural income as their main means of livelihood;On the contrary,farmers with higher levels of human capital and financial capital are more willing to choose to develop non-agricultural industries to obtain more income.At the end of this paper,the author puts forward some suggestions and countermeasures for the improvement of the sustainable livelihood level of Zhangjiajie farmers :(1)to accumulate funds for the development of family and rural ecotourism through reasonable control of family expenses;(2)Continuously improve the utilization of houses to enhance the reception capacity of rural ecotourism;(3)Gradually increase the scope and intensity of farmers' education and training in order to enhance the human capital of farmers' rural ecotourism services;(4)Further strengthen ties with cooperative organizations and relatives and friends in order to consolidate the social capital for farmers to participate in rural ecotourism.