Research On The Position Of Chinese And American Manufacturing In The Global Value Chain And Influencing Factors

Since the reform and opening up,especially since China joined the World Trade Organization in 2001,China's manufacturing industry has actively participated in the global value chain division of labor system,participated in the global division of labor through the processing trade model,and changed the market with technology,and gradually formed an OEM(OEM OEM).ODM(independent original design and manufacturing)-based production mode,which has accumulated rich trade surplus income for China's economic development,and also formed the most complete industrial system in China,accumulating abundant wealth for China's economic transformation and development.Basic and technical reserves.At the same time,China's manufacturing industry is “big but not strong”,and the overall profit margin of enterprises and products has been at the bottom of the global value chain system.In order to change this situation,the Chinese government has issued a number of laws and regulations and industrial development plans,and firmly implement the "China Manufacturing 2025" and "Belt and Road" initiative to promote the improvement of manufacturing.As the two largest manufacturing countries in the world,China and the United States have a strong influence on the division of labor in the global manufacturing value chain and have different positions.The road that American manufacturing has gone through is both a material that we need to seriously summarize.It is also an example of China's manufacturing learning practice.It is of great significance and value to analyze and summarize China's manufacturing industry and American manufacturing industry in the global value chain system.It is of great significance and value for us to understand and avoid the detours and roads in development.This paper uses the latest 2016 edition of the World Input-Output Database(WIOD)as the data source.The overall situation of China-US manufacturing industry and the specific conditions of 18 sub-sectors from 2000 to 2014 are targeted at the GVC Participation Index,the GVC Status Index,and the NCRA.The index is measured and compared.It is believed that the degree of international participation in the global value chain between China and the United States has gradually deepened.China's manufacturing exports and value added have leapt to the top in the world.During the period 2000-2014,China was in the middle and low.The low-tech manufacturing industry has strong strength and has been significantly improved in the middle and high-tech industries and high-tech industries.It shows that China's manufacturing industry structure has improved and the global value chain division of labor has improved.In the middle and high technology and high technology fields,the US manufacturing industry has obvious advantages in its global value chain,but the gap with China has narrowed.On this basis,this paper conducts an empirical analysis from five dimensions: industry scale,technology level,FDI,factor relative price and institutional environment.The empirical analysis shows that factors such as industry size,technology level,FDI,factor relative price and institutional environment have played a key role in the division of manufacturing GVC.The technical level,FDI and institutional environment have a significant positive effect on the Chinese GVC index.Industry size and technical level have played a positive role in the US manufacturing GVC index.FDI in industries with higher technology level is conducive to raising the level of China's manufacturing industry,increasing the value added of exports of intermediate goods,thereby improving the division of labor in the global value chain of China's manufacturing industry.FDI in industries with lower technology levels will form a low-end lock.Reduce the position of Chinese manufacturing in the global value chain.Based on the above analysis,this paper proposes policy recommendations to improve the status of China's manufacturing global value chain from two aspects: improving industrial technology level,re-planning and designing global value chain.