| The Eighteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward for the first time that China should promote "new urbanization".The report of the Nineteenth National Congress further pointed out that the urbanization of migrant workers should be promoted in an orderly manner and the equalization of basic public services should be accelerated.In recent years,with the enforcement of social security laws and regulations intensified,large and medium-sized enterprises have basically normalized the participation of employees in insurance.However,small and micro enterprises are constrained by benefits and market,and enterprises are more passive to pay for employees' social insurance.Nearly half of employees even don't have pension insurance.According to the 2013 national economic census results,small and micro enterprises accounted for 42.3% of all employees.The survey also shows that the proportion of migrant workers in small and micro industrial enterprises is as high as 86%.Therefore,the participation rate of employees in small and micro enterprises is not only a social security issue,but also a major event related to the promotion of new urbanization.Returning to a rational way of thinking,this thesis collects 1738 samples of small and micro enterprises in Jiangsu during the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period,and tracks 1226 enterprises,trying to study how the characteristics of enterprises and policy regulations affect the participation rate of employees,with a purpose to provide valuable suggestions for supply-side reform.Firstly,this thesis analyses the changes of the insured efficiency and benefit of sample enterprises.Then cardings the insurance mechanism of small and micro enterprises.Secondly,based on the micro-survey data of small and micro enterprises,this thesis constructs a semi-parametric GAM model for empirical analysis,focusing on the impact of profit margin,labor productivity and other characteristics on the insurance participation rate of enterprises.Because of the club effect of individuals,a quantile regression model is further constructed to study the differentiated effects of the influencing factors with different insurance levels.Finally,the double difference model is used to study the impact of Social Insurance Law on the insurance participation rate of small and micro enterprises,and the potential endogenous problems are dealt with by the propensity score matching method.The results show that:(1)There is a U-shaped relationship between profit and insured rate;To some extent,the increase of labor productivity can promote the increase of insured rate,but this upward trend is not always sustainable.When crossing a certain threshold,this trend will converge to a certain extreme value;Wage,employee and employer's educational level and policy regulation have a positive impact on the participation rate;Asset level can't directly affect the participation rate.(2)Among the variables of enterprise characteristics,there are sub-effects on the insurance participation rate,such as profit rate,labor productivity,employee and employer's educational level.(3)Social security law has a significant positive effect on the average level of enterprise insurance participation.After controlling the problem of "self-selection" of enterprises,the average level of participation rate of enterprises increased by about 5.4 percentage points.But the promotion effect is finite,and the social security supervision and management need to be further improved.The conclusion has important practical significance for the development of small and micro enterprises and the improvement of social security policies. |
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