Study On Spatial And Temporal Differentiation Of Tourism Efficiency In Resource-exhausted Cities

The 17 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China clearly put forward the slogan of protecting ecological civilization,called on the whole society to save energy resources and protect the ecological environment,while resource-based cities deviated from the purpose of ecological civilization in the process of development.These cities are in the long-term economic development,the predatory development of natural resources has caused waste of resources.Some cities have become or are becoming resource-exhausted cities.Due to the exhaustion of resources,the further development of cities faces various difficulties.Therefore,these cities must transform the way of economic development,foster alternative industries,promote the transformation and upgrading of industrial structure,and actively seek new impetus for industrial economic growth.As a "sunrise industry" in the 21 st century,tourism has the characteristics of low energy resource consumption,low environmental pollution,many related industrial chains,and strong driving characteristics.It has become a transformation of industrial structure of resource-exhausted cities and the realization of sustainable urban development.The state and the government attach great importance to the future development of resource-exhausted cities.As of 2012,the country has issued a list of 69resource-exhausted cities in three batches,including 24 prefecture-level cities.With the rapid development of the tourism market,resource-exhausted cities have embarked on the road of developing tourism.Some cities have realized industrialtransformation through the development of tourism,such as Jiaozuo City,Zaozhuang City,and Huangshi City.This paper takes 24 prefecture-level cities in these 69resource-exhausted cities as the research objects,and uses the DEA method to measure and evaluate the tourism development efficiency in 2007-2017.The Malmquist index method is used to measure the total factor productivity of tourism.The changes were studied and ArcGIS software was used to conduct a spatial comparative analysis of tourism efficiency changes in Northeast,Eastern,Central and Western regions in 2007,2012 and 2017.The statistical results show that,from the time point of view,there is a difference in overall efficiency,pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency between cities in 2007-2017;From a spatial point of view,the overall efficiency shows a spatial efficiency distribution pattern of “high east – high in the northeast – low in the middle – low in the west”;The pure technical efficiency shows the spatial distribution pattern of “higher in the northeast – higher in the east –lower in the middle – lower in the west”;The scale efficiency shows the spatial distribution pattern of “higher in the east – high in the middle – higher in the northeast – lower in the west”.Based on the analysis results,the countermeasures for improving the tourism development efficiency of resource-exhausted cities are proposed,in order to promote the development of tourism in resource-exhausted cities in China.