Research On Pricing Decision Of Express Packaging Recycling Based On Closed-Loop Supply Chain

In recent years,with the normalization of online shopping behavior,the volume of express delivery business has increased dramatically,and the express logistics industry has achieved vigorous development.while changing people’s consumption concept and lifestyle,express packaging carton as one-time consumable has brought a large number of express packaging waste,which aggravated the load-bearing pressure of the environment and aroused the concern of the society.Therefore,recycling courier packaging cartons is of great significance for the development of circular economy,green economy,sustainable development and improvement of resource shortage.Different from other recycled products,the express packaging carton can be retained by enterprises during the recycling process,E-commerce enterprises and logistics enterprises that build their own logistics networks,as direct users of express packaging,have distribution outlets or sites available throughout the country which can be used as recycling channels for waste cartons and have the natural advantages of implementing reverse logistics.The third-party enterprises have professional advantages in recycling.Based on the above economic and social background,this paper studies pricing strategy of the express packaging recycling under the closed-loop supply chain.Based on the theory of closed-loop supply chain and Stackelberg game theory,this paper considered the re-use of packaging cartons by logistics enterprises when logistics companies and third-party enterprises recycle,the remanufacturing rate factor is added to analyze its impact on the decision-making variables and objective functions of the closed-loop supply chain.A secondary closed-loop supply chain with logistics enterprises as its leader and manufacturer as the followers and a three-level closed-loop supply chain with producers as its leader and others as its followers are constructed respectively.When the logistics enterprise and the third-party recycling enterprise are recycling jointly,the cooperation coefficient,indicating the cooperation relationship between the producer and the two recycling companies,is added to analyze the influence of its on both parties,and a three-level closed-loop supply chain with producers as the leading factor is established.The three recovery models consider the price decision of multiple variables from the perspective of non-cooperative game and cooperative game to establish the objective function model,in which the manufacturer takes the wholesale price of carton and the second recycling price of carton as decision variables,the logistics enterprise takes the price of carton,carton recycling price and the third-party resale carton price as decision variables,and the third-party enterprises take the carton recycling price as the decision variable,Finally,the model is solved by inverse induction method,and the optimal price decision of the wholesale price,recovery price,carton price,and the optimal value of the objective function are obtained.Through quantitative comparison analysis and numerical simulation results of the three recovery modes,it can be seen that under the three recovery modes,the system profit of the common recycling mode is greater than that the individual enterprise recycling,that is,when logistics enterprise and the third party recycle together can achieve the greatest benefit;when the members of the supply chain choose the cooperative game to be better than the non-cooperative game,so the recycling enterprise should sign the cooperation contract actively,on the one hand,the participants in the recycling supply chain can achieve win-win situation and on the other hand,it is beneficial to environmental protection;In the recycling of a single enterprise,the recycling model with logistics companies as the leader is superior to the third-party recycling model with producers as the leader.By analyzing the changes of parameters in the model,it can be found that the remanufacturing rate has a negative effect on the member’s profit,that is,carton re-use has a positive effect on the increase of supply chain profits;the producer can increase the recycling participation of the two recycling companies by adjusting the cooperation coefficient;the operation cost of reverse logistics has an important influence on the producer’s choice of the appropriate recycling model;the higher the sensitivity of consumers to carton recycling price and market price,the higher the revenue of reverse supply chain and the lower the revenue of forward supply chain.Finally,this paper proposes that the future can be further explored from the aspects of enterprise competitiveness,demand certainty,information symmetry and government participation.