International Comparison Of Comparative Advantages Of R&D In Technology-Intensive Industries

The manufacturing industry occupies an important position in the world economy.For a long time,the OECD countries have been the main players in global manufacturing,especially high-end manufacturing.Since the reform and opening up,the total output and technical level of the manufacturing industry have increased significantly.With the gradual disappearance of China's demographic dividend,the advantages of labor-intensive manufacturing are no longer.At the same time,China is beginning to enjoy the dividend of engineers.China has become an important player in global competition in science and technology.The technological level and international competitiveness of emerging high-tech industries such as communications equipment manufacturing and security industry are in an international leading position.However,despite the long-term technological catch-up of some traditional low-and medium-tech industries,their competitiveness remains weak.There are still large differences in the level of technology and competitive advantages between various industries in China's manufacturing industry,and the development model of China's manufacturing industry(especially technology-intensive manufacturing)also has obvious differences compared with developed countries.Through literature review,it is found that existing theories such as traditional comparative advantage theory and competitive advantage theory based on differences in factor endowments cannot explain the differences in industrial competitiveness of more complex or differentiated product manufacturing between countries(or regions).Many factors,such as resources,institutions,markets,and technology,need to be considered.The analysis framework that takes into account various factors lacks a detailed study of the interrelationships and interactions between these elements.This thesis proposes that there is a mutually matching relationship between the industrial development environment and the technology paradigm(mainly the knowledge and technology dimensions in the technology paradigm).The matching of the industrial development environment and the technology paradigm jointly determines the technological innovation capability of the industry.Study samples from different countries(Corresponding to the differentiated industrial development environment),the correlation between the technological paradigm and the ability of industrial technological innovation.This thesis uses the information of patent inventors,Patents,and patent citations in the U.S.patent database as data sources.From the perspective of technology paradigm,four indicators(industrial relative teclenology life cycle,accumulation of technological innovation,research involving knowledge complexity,and Research on the dependence of scientific knowledge),and describe and surmnarize the characteristics of the industrial technology paradigm indicators through descriptive statistical analysis,and describe and summarize the indicators of industrial innovation capacity differences between countries and industries.Furthermore,the relative technology life cycle,innovation research involves the complexity of knowledge,the cumulative nature of technological progress,the index of dependence on scientific knowledge and the index of explicit comparative advantage index,and analyzes the sample of different countries(corresponding to differentiated industrial development).Environment),the correlation between technology paradigm and industrial technological innovation capabilities.The analysis results are as follows:(l)In each sub-industry of high-tech and middle-and high-tech intensive manufacturing,there are obvious differences in the industrial teclinology paradigm indicators.Specifically,the relative technical life cycle of the pharmaceutical manufacturing and chemical manufacturing products is higher than that of other products;the research and development of phanmaceutical manufacturing,chemical manufacturing products,and medical and precision optical instrument manufacturing products involves knowledge.Complexity is higher than other types of products;products with high accumulation of technological innovation are mainly concentrated in the equipment manufacturing industry;products with high scientific and technological dependence are mainly concentrated in the chemical manufacturing industry and medical precision optical instrument manufacturing Among the products,there is also a part of the pharamaceutical manufacturing industry.Such products are highly dependent on the research and development of basic knowledge,and rely more on the research and development of universities.(2)The correlation between the technology paradigm and the ability of industrial technology innovation under the sample of different countries is summarized as follows.Regarding the relative technology life cycle indicators,the existing literature proves that China has a dominant technology comparative advantage in the short technology life cycle industry.Although the regression results of this model are not significant,Germany has a dominant technology comparative advantage in the long technology life cycle industry.R&D involves knowledge complexity indicators,which have a negative impact on China's industrial technological innovation capability,but a positive impact on the UK.The cumulative indicators of technological innovation have a positive impact on the technological innovation capabilities of Canadian and Australian industries.R&D scientific knowledge dependence indicators have a positive impact on the technological innovation capabilities of Germany,France,Italy and Australia.(3)From the indicators of dominant comparative advantages of Chinese samples,in the high-tech intensive manufacturing industry,the radio and television communications equipment manufacturing industry has an advantage over other industries,and the dominant technology of the high-tech intensive manufacturing industry has comparative advantages.The indicators are significantly higher than those of high-tech intensive manufacturing.As far as the correlation between the technology paradigm and industrial technological innovation capabilities is concerned,China and developed countries are almost completely opposite,while developed countries have more in common.The differentiated industrial development environment has caused China and developed countries to complement each other in areas of comparative technological advantage.At present,complementarity outweighs competition.