| Manufacturing industry,as an important part of the national economy,can directly reflect the level of productivity of a country.The development of manufacturing industry can reflect a country's level of scientific and technological development,and can reflect the strength of national competitiveness.According to the degree of technology-intensive,OECD divides manufacturing industry into high-tech manufacturing industry,medium-high-tech manufacturing industry,medium-low-tech manufacturing industry and low-tech manufacturing industry.As a technology-intensive manufacturing industry,medium-high-tech manufacturing industry and high-tech manufacturing industry have become the key to improve their international competitiveness.As the fastest developing countries in East Asia,China,Japan and Korea have achieved good results in manufacturing respectively.China has made certain progress in high-tech and medium-high-tech manufacturing industry,and its technological innovation ability,product export scale and comprehensive strength are constantly improving,but there are still some gaps with Japan and Korea.Japan,as a technologically advanced country,has always been in the international lead in technology-intensive manufacturing industry;Korea,using its own advantages to achieve industrial technological innovation in the 1970s began to catch up with technology,and eventually got rid of the "middle income trap" and achieved good results in manufacturing.From the perspective of trade competitiveness in recent years,there are obvious differences between China,Japan and South Korea in the competitiveness of national industries.China's export products and low-tech and low-tech industries are concentrated.Although the proportion of exports in high-tech and medium-tech industries has increased in recent years,there is still a big gap compared with Japan and South Korea.The technological innovation ability of industry is the decisive factor affecting the international competitiveness of industry.The greater the industrial innovation ability,the stronger the international competitiveness of industry.From the perspective of industrial differences in technological innovation,a large number of scholars at home and abroad have proved that the industrial differences in technological innovation are due to the different paradigms of industrial technology;from the perspective of national innovation system,the institutional environment of the country will also affect technological innovation,where the institutional environment also includes the informal institutional environment.Therefore,on the basis of the above-mentioned theory and from the perspective of industrial technology paradigm,this thesis constructs an analytical framework for influencing the competitiveness of national industrial trade by constructing the matching degree between technological paradigm and industrial development environment and the difference of technological opportunities,and explains why not from the perspective of technological paradigm.Reasons for differences in competitiveness between national industries.Based on the above analysis framework,this thesis uses the patent inventors,patentees and patent citation information applied for patents in the U.S.Patent Office as data sources,and uses five indicators from the perspective of knowledge and technology(R&D involves the complexity of knowledge,the accumulation of technological progress,and the dependence of scientific knowledge on R&D).The industrial technology paradigm is constructed by dependence,technology life cycle and R&D participation.At the same time,through the data of import and export trade in the United Nations Commodity Trade Statistics Database,the international competitiveness index(trade competitiveness)of 71 sub-industries of 9 high-tech and high-tech manufacturing industries in China,Japan and South Korea is constructed.Descriptive statistical analysis and multiple linear regression model analysis are used.Explain what kind of industrial technological attributes China,Japan and Korea are more suitable for industrial development.To some extent,verify the matching of national industrial development environment and industrial technological regime can influence the industrial competitiveness of the country.From the dimension of industrial technology paradigm,for the dimension of technology life cycle,the longer the technology life cycle,the more industrial competitiveness Japan has in this industry;on the contrary,the shorter the technology life cycle,the stronger the industrial competitiveness of China.For the dimension of accumulation of technological progress,the higher the accumulation of technological progress,the more competitive the industries of Japan and Korea are;the lower the accumulation of technological progress,the stronger the industrial competitiveness of China.The lower the dependence of R&D on scientific knowledge,the higher the competitiveness of Korea.The higher the R&D participation,the higher the industrial competitiveness of Korea.From the national point of view,China,as a newly industrialized country,is more suitable for developing industries with shorter technological life cycle and lower accumulation of technological progress;Japan,as a technological power,has a longer technological life cycle and a higher accumulation of technological progress;China and Japan are more competitive in industries with higher accumulation of technological progress;China and Japan are more suitable for developing industries with shorter technological life cycle and lower accumulation of technological progress.Among South Korea,the industrial technology attribute with strong international competitiveness is characterized by low dependence on R&D scientific knowledge,high accumulation of technological progress and high R&D participation.These conclusions illustrate to some extent that the matching degree of different industrial development environments and industries in China,Japan and Korea affects the industrial competitiveness of the three countries.Based on the above analysis framework and conclusions,this thesis further proposes the concept of R&D comparative advantage based on technology"paradigm,which improves the theory of comparative advantage from production endowment and manufacturing to R&D,and perfects the theory of inter-industry competitiveness difference.The concept of R&D comparative advantage based on technology paradigm explains that different countries should choose their own suitable industries because of their different industrial development environment,give full play to their R&D comparative advantage in this industry,and improve their international competitiveness in this industry. |
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