A Study On The Agglomeration Effect Of Enterprises In Pilot Free Trade Zones

Under the background of "new normal",China's economy is facing the dilemma of sluggish growth.To strengthen the driving force of economic development and promote high-quality economic development,the state has introduced a series of policies and measures to promote economic development.As a major strategic decision to further deepen reform and expand opening-up in China in the new era,the pilot free trade zone(FTZ)bears responsibilities similar to those of special economic zones(sezs).Free trade area from Shanghai to shandong,jiangsu,guangxi,hebei,yunnan,heilongjiang free trade area,the practice of China's free trade area has been seven years,the number increased to 18,more than half of the country's provinces and municipalities directly under the central government has gradually set up free trade area,and realizing a complete coverage of the coastal free trade area.With the development of pilot free trade zone,its role in regional economy and even national economy cannot be ignored.Based on the resource endowment,policy preference and facilitation measures of different regions,Pilot free trade zone5 in different regions have attracted a large number of enterprises to settle in,and have formed a certain agglomeration effect within the zones.This paper used two batches of test area in free trade area eounty enterprise for microscopie study samples,using 2005-2017 in Shanghai,tianjin,fujian,guangdong district panel data,through multiple phase double difference model,the establishment of the free trade area as a natural experiment,an empirieal test of enterprise is established in the free trade area accumulation effect.Through observation before and after the contrast experimental zone set up free trade,the change trend of the enterprises in the area,density,measure the enterprise agglomeration effects caused by free trade area,at the same time,through a series of robustness and heterogeneity analysis further to explore the impact of free trade area,and further to deepen the development of free trade area put forward the corresponding policy recommendations.This paper mainly adopts the research method of combining empirical analysis with theoretical analysis.First of all,literature review,the part of the former related research literature,use of classification and induction,found after experimental zone to set up the policy effects of free trade mainly in four aspects,respectively,free trade area of economic growth and economic radiation effect,trade and capital flows effect and the effects of regional innovation system and dividends and industrial concentration and economies of scale.Secondly,in the empirical analysis,the double-difference method,an effective analysis method of policy assessment,was used to empirically test the effect of the establishment of pilot free trade zones on the agglomeration effect of enterprises by taking the counties of Shanghai,tianjin,fujian and guangdong as the experimental group and the remaining districts and counties as the control group.Will set up free trade area as a national implement a natural experiment,conform to the requirements of the model using the double difference,also because of the double difference method can well remove the experimental group and control group in the policy of free trade area prior to the implementation of the differences,which will affect the effective separation of policy can be well unbiased estimate the effect of the policy implementation.The research content of this paper mainly includes three aspects.First,by sorting out the previous literature,it summarizes the policy effect of the establishment of pilot free trade zone.Secondly,the benchmark regression is carried out through the dual-difference model to empirically test the effect of the establishment of the pilot free trade zone on the agglomeration of enterprises,and a series of robustness tests and heterogeneity analyses are carried out on the analysis methods to test the validity of the benchmark regression results.Thirdly,based on the conclusion of empirical study,the policy Suggestions to optimize the agglomeration effect of enterprises in pilot free trade zone are put forward.The basic research conclusion of this paper is that,in the benchmark regression of double difference,it is found that the establishment of pilot free trade zone has a significant and positive influence on enterprise density(enterprise density=the number of enterprises in the zone/land area),which is conducive to the formation of enterprise agglomeration effect and scale economy effect in the park.Second in the robustness test,is by changing the explained variable measure,set up free trade area to total number of enterprises.eompanies,enterprises registered capital of the camp also has a positive significant effect,at the same time in order to investigate whether the free trade area density of different quantiles on enterprises,the influence of density quantile regression to enterprises,found that the higher the density of enterprises,under the influence of the free trade area.Finally,the heterogeneity analysis of different enterprise sizes,different industries,different industries and different regions shows that the agglomeration effect of the pilot free trade zone is still significant,which still conforms to the conclusion of the benchmark regression of this paper.The innovation of this paper lies in the use of district and comity level annual data,which is different from previous research literature that only USES annual or quarterly data of provincial or prefecture-level cities.Therefore,this paper can reflect the policy effect of the establishment of pilot free trade zones more clearly and accurately.At the same time,this paper studies the shortcomings of the main table displays in:first,based on available data on 2005-2017,this paper only studies the first to set up four(4)the effect of the policy of free trade area,about 2017 years after setting up free trade area has failed to effectively observation,in the later study,can Undertake corresponding system,on the basis of the data access to and enterprise agglomeration effect of free trade area more comprehensive and profound analysis;Secondly,enterprise agglomeration effect measure can be more scientific and accurate,although some scholars use density to reflect the enterprise agglomeration effect,but enterprise density is only the data on the level of county,and E-G and h fanta,Hector seaman index data are based on the enterprise level,reflect the area of each enterprise in the information,can better reflect the enterprise agglomeration effect;Thirdly,the author fails to study the effect mechanism and channel of FTZ on enterprise agglomeration and the optimal enterprise agglomeration seale,which will become the focus and direction of the author in the future.