The Present Situation Of Mechanization In The Main Producing Areas Of Jujube In Southern Xinjiang And The Development Countermeasures Are Studied

Jujube planting in southern Xinjiang has gradually become an important pillar industry and an important source of farmers' income in the region.This paper made field visits to Alar city of the1 st division of the XPCC,Kunyu city of the 14 th division of the XPCC,Ruoqiang County and Markit county,where jujube planting density is large and has certain species advantages.Covering459 jujube farmers in 12 companies and 9 villages and towns,we carried out a survey on the current situation of agricultural machinery and equipment in the sampling sites from the six major links of planting,tillage,pruning,fertilization,irrigation,plant protection and picking,and deeply understood and analyzed the current situation of jujube garden machinery and equipment,mechanization and the bottleneck problems.Taking jujube yards in four typical cities as an example,the evaluation index system of the mechanization level of jujube yards in southern Xinjiang was established,and the correlation of each influencing factor index to the mechanization development of jujube yards in southern Xinjiang was calculated and analyzed.Finally,Suggestions and measures for feasibility construction are put forward.The specific research and main conclusions are as follows:(1)The survey results showed that most of the sampling data points were jujube trees from 6 to12 years old,and the planting patterns of the corps and local areas were inconsistent.The corps' planting patterns were mainly 1.5×3m row spacing,but the planting patterns were irregular and chaotic.In the planting process,the XPCC benefited from abundant labor,but was limited by the irregular planting mode and imperfect management level,which resulted in poor fruit reputation.Although the local government has a standardized planting mode,the shortage of labor,the overpayment of fees and the serious fragmentation of land are the key factors restricting the popularization of mechanization.(2)The ownership rates of land tillage machines were corps(73.67%)and local(65.73%),and the ownership rates of pruning machines were corps(47.69%)and local(52.25%),and the operation modes were basically the same.In the process of ditching and fertilizing,Ruoqiang County and Markit county benefit from the standardization of agronomic practices.Manual fertilization combined with green manure rotation tillage is adopted to fertilize the soil.Compared with Alar city and Kunyu city,manual ditching and soil cultivation are eliminated.In the plant protection link,the air delivery spray machine has a high promotion rate in Ruoqiang County,and the other three areas are still dominated by the spray gun.In the irrigation process,the coverage rate of mechanical drip irrigation in the 224 th regiment of Kunyu city was 100%,and artificial flood irrigation dominated the rest of the area.In the process of harvesting,manual harvesting was the main method in each area.The air-suction jujube harvester was continuously promoted in Ruoqiang County,but the trial effect could not reach the expectation.(3)Combined with agricultural mechanization level of domestic agriculture implementation evaluation(NY/T 1408-2007),to comprehensively and objectively reflect the Southern Xinjiangjujube yards mechanization development situation,through the system establishment and the figures,2018 southern Xinjiang four jujube producing the overall level of operation,respectively(33.40%),Kunyu city and Alar city(27.77%),Markit County(40.95%),Ruoqiang County(40.95%).Among them,the mechanization degree of tillage and land preparation is relatively high,but the mechanization degree of furrow fertilization is not reached 20%,the mechanization degree of harvest is not reached 40%,although the mechanization degree of plant protection has reached more than 30%,Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture of Bayingolin is only 48.47%.It reflects that the level of tillage,plant protection and harvesting in southern Xinjiang is unbalanced and lagging,and the overall level of harvesting is low,which hinders the level of mechanized operation of jujube orchard.(4)To sum up,to steadily increase the pace of mechanization development in jujube producing areas in southern Xinjiang,we must closely combine the regional reality,standardize planting mode and better combine the mechanization technology.The application of "intelligent agriculture" can realize the automatic control of agricultural machinery and equipment in jujube orchard,and realize the precision and unmanned operation of jujube orchard production.Establish and perfect the agricultural machinery socialized technical service system in jujube planting area;Give full play to the guiding role of agricultural machinery purchase subsidy policy;Reducing land taxes;Improve the construction level of jujube demonstration area,attach importance to the long-term and lasting development direction.