Does Kuznets Curve Hypothesis Exist Between Tourism And Income Inequality?

At the National Tourism Conference in 2008,the National Tourism Administration officially promoted the strategic layout of the tourism industry upgrade.For more than a decade,China's tourism development level and economic aggregate have continued to increase.However,behind the steady growth of GDP,the income distribution inequality between residents has gradually expanded,especially the income inequality between urban and rural residents.The irrational expansion of income inequality has largely hindered the healthy and sustainable development of the economy.In China's modernization process,how to improve the income inequality between urban and rural areas and promote fair income distribution has become the focus of everyone's attention.Some studies have pointed out that the urban-rural income inequality is affected by local economic development levels,consumption structure,urbanization and other factors,and tourism development is the key way to increase economic income,stimulate consumer investment,promote population mobility,and increase local taxes.Therefore,tourism Development has a direct or indirect impact on income distribution.Studying how tourism development affects the urban-rural income inequality in and around the region will help to fully understand the relationship between the tourism industry and social income distribution,and provide new ideas for promoting comprehensive and balanced social and economic development and reducing the urban-rural income inequality.Based on the foregoing,based on the tourism multiplier theory and the income distribution Kuznets curve,this paper makes a detailed mechanism analysis of how tourism development affects the urban-rural income inequality.It is mainly divided into five parts:The first part is the introduction.First introduce the research background and significance of the article;then sort out and summarize the literature review from both foreign and domestic aspects;finally introduce the structure of the article,possible innovations and deficiencies.The second part expounds the theory of tourism multiplier,income distribution theory,measurement of urban-rural income inequality,and analyzes the interaction between tourism development and urban-rural income inequality.The third part mainly introduces the relevant theories and overall test steps of the empirical model,including the spatial weight matrix,the introduction of the Moran's I index,the static and dynamic spatial panel models,etc.The fourth part is empirical analysis.First introduce the source of data and the selection of variables,the selection and establishment of models;then,from the perspective of the whole and sub-regions,respectively,establish a dynamic spatial econometric model of the relationship between tourism development and urban-rural income inequality;finally,combine the actual situation with tourism development And the relationship between urban and rural income inequality is analyzed.The fifth part is conclusions and policy recommendations.After research,this article puts forward the following conclusions:first,there is a positive spatial spillover effect in China's tourism development and the urban-rural income inequality;second,in the long-term and short-term effects,the tourism development and urban-rural income inequality in the three major regions of the east,central and west There are "inverted U-shaped" Kuznets curves between them,which is basically consistent with the results of China's overall regional inspection.In the early stages of tourism development,an increase in the level of tourism development will increase the income inequality between urban and rural areas.As the level of tourism development continues to increase,the widening of the income inequality between urban and rural areas will improve.Third,domestic tourism will reduce the urban-rural income inequality,while inbound tourism will expand the urban-rural income inequality in the local and surrounding areas.Domestic tourism has a greater impact on urban-rural income inequality than inbound tourism,but the spatial spillover effect of domestic tourism is not significant.Finally,based on the theoretical analysis and empirical research,combined with the actual situation in China,in order to break the dual structure of urban and rural areas,improve the urban-rural nature of urban-rural tourism,and reduce the income inequality between urban and rural areas,this article proposes from the following aspects:the introduction of competition mechanisms to improve Tourism development efficiency.Speed up the construction of the tourism system,improve the quality of tourism,and improve the supervision mechanism.Optimize resource allocation and improve development in rural areas.The innovation of the article mainly includes the following two aspects:First,the first use of a dynamic spatial econometric model to study whether there is a Kuznets curve effect between China's tourism development and urban-rural income inequality,starting from the "Kuznets" hypothesis of income distribution Non-linear relationship between the two.Second,analyze the relationship between tourism development and urban-rural income inequality from the perspective of space overflow.From the perspective of long-term and short-term effect decomposition,the impacts of tourism development on urban-rural income inequality in the country,east,central,and western regions were measured.According to the definition of tourism development,it is decomposed into inbound tourism and domestic tourism to further test the "direct effect" and "indirect effect" of the inbound tourism market and the domestic tourism market on the urban-rural income inequality in the short and long term.The shortcomings of the article are mainly reflected in the following aspects:First,due to the limitation of data integrity,this article does not compare the impact of urban tourism and rural tourism on the urban-rural income inequality.In addition,in terms of measuring the level of tourism development,as scholars have less research on the compilation of tourism competitiveness,a small number of studies have only stayed at the theoretical stage without accurate research results.Therefore,this paper uses the current general contribution rate of tourism income to GDP to measure the urban-rural income inequality,without considering the role of tourism competitiveness index in the sustainable development of tourism in the future.