| Hainan Island is the only tropical island and the typical area of tropical agricultural in China,it has unique geographical environment.Relying on superior water and heat conditions,Hainan Island has become the main production base of tropical fruits,anti season vegetables,rubber and other agricultural products in China and the important area of effective tropic agriculture,which plays an significant role in the agriculture development of our country.However,under the background of high-speed development of social economy in Hainan Island,the problems such as low level of industrial structure,degradation of ecological environment,increase of agricultural production but not increase of farmers’ income and agricultural efficiency are still the internal defects that restrict the sustainable development of regional agriculture;at the same time,under the influence of the market environment of agricultural products,agricultural infrastructure,agricultural policies and management systems and other human factors,the agricultural territory system shows the characteristics of typical vulnerability,and the agricultural economic and social development of Hainan Island is facing outstanding issues.As a typical agricultural territory of Hainan Island,the social and economic development of the reclamation area is in the new stage of urbanization,industrialization transformation and agricultural industry upgrading.In the process of reform,there are a series of problems such as the non separation of government’s and enterprise’s rights and responsibilities,land contradiction,the sharp increase of unemployment rate and poverty,which not only impede the development speed of the reclamation area,increase the risk of vulnerability,but also affect the social and economic sustainable development in agricultural territory of Hainan Island.Therefore,by defining the concept of agricultural territory vulnerability,on the basis of evaluation frame of vulnerability scoring diagram,this paper constructs the vulnerability index system of socio-economic system of agricultural territory in Hainan Island,selects two time sections of 2010 and 2018,calculates the vulnerability index by using the comprehensive weighted summation model,divides the vulnerability level based on ArcGIStechnology,and analyzes the temporal and spatial characteristics.In order to avoid circular demonstration,this paper constructs an index system to represent the vulnerability factors,and analyzes the the influencing factors of the vulnerability changes of the socio-economic system in the agricultural territory of Hainan Island by using the geographic detector.Taking Bayi Farm in Danzhou as an example,this paper carries out the questionnaire survey by using the semi-structured interview method in the participatory rural appraisal to deeply analyze the vulnerability characteristics and formation mechanism of the socio-economic system in typical agricultural territories,expecting to provide scientific basis and practical reference for the sustainable development of the socio-economic system in the agricultural territory of Hainan Island and the socio-economic transformation of the reclamation area.The major conclusions are as follows:(1)According to the calculation results of vulnerability index of socio-economic system in the agricultural territory of Hainan Island,this paper divides them into five levels: low vulnerability,relatively low vulnerability,medium vulnerability,relatively high vulnerability and high vulnerability,by using the equidistant classification method in ArcGIS software.From 2010 to 2018,high vulnerability areas are mainly distributed in the southwest region and Ding’an County;The relatively high vulnerability areas are transferred from the northern area to Baisha Li Autonomous County and Baoting Li and Miao Autonomous County;the medium vulnerability areas are transferred from the middle east area to the north;the relatively low vulnerability areas are mainly distributed in the northern and eastern coastal cities and counties;the low vulnerability areas are mainly distributed in Sanya and Haikou.(2)The characteristics of the vulnerability of the socio-economic system in the agricultural territory of Hainan Island are as follows: the vulnerability declines on the whole,but there are imbalances among regions;the vulnerability’s territory differences of the socio-economic system in the agricultural territory of Hainan Island are significant,presenting the pyramid structure;the vulnerability of the socio-economic system in the agricultural territory of the inland territory of Hainan Island is higher than that in the coastalregion;the phenomenon of vulnerability polarization of the socio-economic system in the agricultural territory of Hainan Island is serious.(3)The analysis results of geographical detector show that the employment level has the greatest influence on the vulnerability of the socio-economic system in the agricultural territory of Hainan Island,then it is income level of farmers,the level of agricultural mechanization,the area of cultivated land,the gap between urban and rural areas,food production,medical services,social security expenditure,non-agricultural industry,rural labor force,ethnic minorities,rural electricity infrastructure,fertilizer consumption and the proportion of finance supporting to agriculture.(4)Bayi Farm is a typical agricultural territory,the vulnerability characteristic of socio-economic system is obvious,which is mainly manifested in the following aspects:many disturbance factors and the great intensity of socio-economic system;single agricultural industry structure,which makes it difficult to increase income;unemployment intensify the contradiction,the increased social instability factors and poor anti-interference ability of socio-economic system.Moreover,problems such as imperfect management system and unsound social security system lead to the poor response capacity of socio-economic system,and there are a series of problems such as unemployment,poverty,public security and so on,leading to the vulnerability of socio-economic system.(5)Lengthening industrial chain,optimizing industrial structure,cultivating new format,exploring new economic growth points,building talent team,strengthening scientific and technological support,broadening investment introduction channels,improving infrastructure construction,building network platform and enhancing employment guidance efficiency are important ways to improve the sustainability of socio-economic system and socio-economic system of reclamation area of Hainan Island. |
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