| With the promotion of ecological sustainable development policies and the implementation of the “three rural” policies in China,the vulnerability assessment of farmers is the fundamental solution to the“three rural” issues.The karst area has two-dimensional and three-dimensional hydrogeological structures all over,with slow soil formation,poor soil stability,and discontinuous distribution of soil cover.Unreasonable development and utilization methods can easily cause ecological and environmental problems such as soil erosion and rocky desertification,making rural development more difficult.Farmers are more impoverished.According to the special environmental characteristics of karst in southern China,the Bijie Salaxi,Guanling-Zhengfeng Huajiang and Shibing Karst typical research areas were selected.From 2017 to 2020,they went to the research area twice to conduct participatory interviews with farmers in 27 village groups,and Using the developed V1.0(2019SR0742655)farmer’s livelihood information collection terminal system in karst rocky desertification areas to collect farmer’s livelihood information,obtained 707 total questionnaires,obtained a total of 23 indicators and constructed a livelihood vulnerability index system,using the analytic hierarchy process,Multiple logistic regression model analysis method,difference significance test,livelihood vulnerability assessment method and Copula function calculation method,to clarify the mechanism of the response of farmers ’sustainable livelihood strategies to livelihood assets in karst mountain areas,and to reveal different farmer livelihood strategies in the region The impact of structural internal and coercive external causes of livelihood vulnerability and the impact of altitude on livelihood vulnerability,proposes adaptation strategies for farmers’sustainable livelihoods to cope with potential risks,and provides science for farmers in Karst mountain areas to propose adaptation strategies to cope with current and future livelihood risks.1.Starting from the perspective of restricting the livelihoods of local farmers through the vulnerability of the ecological environment in specific areas,starting from the sustainable livelihood research of farmers in the Karst mountains,using multiple logistic regression shows that the overall performance of the livelihood assets in the study area is uneven.Bijie Salaxi Research Area and Guanling-Zhenfeng Huajiang Research Area are rich in human assets,while Shibing Karst Research Area is rich in social assets,financial assets and natural assets are the common rich /lack of livelihoods of the three types of research areas.assets.Natural assets constitute an obvious constraint on the transformation of farmers’ livelihood strategies in the study area,while financial assets constitute an obvious freedom in the transformation of farmer’s livelihood strategies in the study area.2.Multiple logistic regression analysis also shows that farmers ’living conditions in the Karst mountainous areas affected by the ecological policy,education and cultural level,autonomy and plan adaptability,social relationship and other dimensions of farmland-to-forest conversion projects have led to differences in the responsiveness of livelihood strategy selection.First of all,the livelihood strategies of pure-agricultural farmers are positively affected by physical assets and natural assets;again,the livelihood strategies of agro-agricultural are susceptible to the positive influence of social and financial assets;Assets and financial assets have a positive impact,while natural assets have a significant reverse effect on farmers’ part-time livelihood strategies.3.Households possess a certain skill and income are the key common indicators of livelihoods that affect the transformation of farmers “livelihood strategies in the study area into part-time farmers;cash funding is the key indicator that affects the conversion of farmers”livelihoods into part-time jobs in Bijie Salaxi River;The overall labor force of the members is a key common indicator in the Guanling-Zhenfeng Huajiang and Shibing Karst research areas to promote the conversion of pure agricultural livelihood strategies to part-time livelihood strategies.This is not only to improve the possibility for pure farmers to participate in non-agricultural economic activities,but also to control the key breakthrough for the transformation of the livelihood strategies of pure farmers.4.The analysis of the livelihood vulnerability value of farmers through the livelihood vulnerability assessment method is as follows:Guanling-Zhenfeng Huajiang Research Area(-0.21),Bijie Salaxi Research Area(-0.25),Shibing Karst Research Area(-0.38),The negative value of vulnerability from high to low shows that the vulnerability gradually becomes weaker.Geographically,it was found that the low-elevation Guanling-Zhenfeng Huajiang Research Area and Shibing Karst Research Area had better livelihood diversification index values than the high-elevation Bijie Salaxi Research Area,Guanling-Zhenfeng Huajiang Research Area and Shibing Farmers in karst research area have strong self-adaptive ability,and Bijie Salaxi Creek relies on self-adaptive and planned adaptability support in material and financial assets.The Guanling-Zhenfeng Huajiang Research Area and the Shibing Karst Research Area have higher main risk values ? for natural and financial asset risks,while the Shibing Karst Research Area and the Bijie Salaxi Research Area use human assets and physical assets,respectively.The risk value is higher.5.The impact of the geomorphic altitude on the livelihood vulnerability in the study area is not obvious.The results of Copula function joint distribution test analysis show that the livelihood vulnerability does not increase with the elevation gradient,and the disturbance of livelihood vulnerability caused by geomorphic altitude is not obvious.Mainly affected by two factors,such as external environmental factors(such as the restoration of the ecological environment and the improvement of traffic accessibility)and internal environments(such as the diversification of livelihoods and the support of multiple poverty alleviation models).It is these factors that make the impact of altitude on the vulnerability of farmers’ livelihoods insignificant.6.The comprehensive Karst mountains areas has the natural asset risk(reduction of land use resources,food production reduction),financial asset risk(borrowing ratio),human asset risk(insufficient labor capacity),material asset risk(livestock death ratio),and the ability to resist livelihood risks and Based on the results of the division of farmers’ livelihood strategies,the direction,development path and focus of farmers’ adaptation strategies adapted to different livelihood strategies in karst mountain areas are proposed.It is recommended that the local government play a leading role,starting with financial assets,human assets,and physical assets to effectively improve the livelihoods and development levels of farmers,and encourage mutual assistance and cooperation of social assets to enhance the ability to respond to various risks,thereby enhancing farmers ’livelihoods.Sustainability.Main adaptation strategies:(1)Ensuring that the physical assets offarmers ’livelihoods are maintained;(2)Reducing the short-term effects of natural assets;(3)Strengthening human resources in Karst mountains areas,ensuring the safety of financial assets,and playing the role of policy grants. |
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