| Adopting a holistic approach. Canada's 3D policy of defence, diplomacy and development advocates intergovernmental cooperation to address the challenges posed by new wars, the security-development nexus and failed states. Using the mission in Afghanistan as a case study, this research argues that the practical application of 3D differs from the theoretical construct, due to a lack of consensus regarding the policy's definition, and insufficient direction regarding its application. While policy implementation is almost never perfect, this disconnect has significant implications when the implemented policy attempts to combat the interconnected problems outlined in the security and development nexus. Here, the creation of an integrated, cooperative based, foreign policy approach on paper is insufficient to address such complex issues. Instead, the disconnect between 3D on paper and in practice demonstrates a strong necessity for changing organizational cultures, operational practices, decision making processes and mandates so integrated policies can meet with success. The problems of new wars and the security-development nexus will not be combated simply through the creation of a policy promoting integrated approaches, such as 3D. Rather, the disparity between 3D's application in practice and its articulation on paper shows that foreign policy approaches to interconnected problems demand complex changes within governmental structures to be successful in combating new wars and rebuilding failed and failing states.;Keywords: International Policy Statement, 3D, Afghanistan, Integrated Approaches, Failed States, New Wars... |
