| Literature has it that compliance with treaties is generally good. However, there is need for improvement of parties' compliance to ensure that the objectives of a treaty are met. This thesis recognizes that there are problems of compliance with the Basel Convention on transboundary movement of hazardous wastes; hence, the increase in the amount of illegal trade in hazardous wastes. It is argued here that there is need to improve the existing compliance strategy in the Basel Convention on Transboundary Movement of hazardous wastes by the adoption of hard (enforcement) measures as advocated by Downs and soft (managerial) measures as advocated by the Chayeses (collectively "the dual approach"). The efficacy of this dual approach depends on the inclusion of mechanisms such as funding, external and internal monitoring and verification, and sanctions including smart sanctions, modeled on those adopted and applied in the Montreal Protocol, Kyoto Protocol, and CITES . |
