| Metal dusting is a catastrophic carburization process that occurs in the temperature range of 400 °C to 850 °C in atmospheres where the carbon activity, a[c]>l, conditions typical of steam reformers, methanol plants and many other petrochemical processes that use synthesis gas (H[2] + CO). Metal dusting causes disintegration of the metal into a dust of graphite, metal oxide, metal carbide and metal particles. The resulting metal loss decreases component lifetimes, ultimately leading to failure. This thesis is an account of a research programme that has been undertaken into the metal dusting of some commercial alloys. Emphasis has been placed on the following overall objectives: To understand the mechanisms of initiation and propagation of metal dusting of these alloys, in variable carbon environments that are relevant to current commercial steam-reforming processes. To ascertain the key composition/condition factors that promote alloy resistant. To determine effective surface treatments for minimizing the risk of metal dusting. (Abstract shortened by ProQuest.). |
