| Tall buildings, slender towers and long-span bridges are very susceptible to dynamic load from wind, and consequently vibrations are persistent in these civil structures during daily operation, which are serious concerns to both engineers and architects for the protection of the structure safety and occupant comfort. In order to mitigate the vibration, different approaches have been proposed, among which Tuned Mass Dampers (TMDs) are one of the most preferable and have been widely used in practice. Instead of dissipating the vibration energy into heat waste via the viscous damping element, we proposed an innovative structural vibration control method in this thesis, which can mitigate wind-induced vibrations of large civil structures, and harvest utility-scale energy at the same time by using electricity-generating TMDs. Moreover, several novel configurations TMDs are proposed in this thesis in order to improve the vibration mitigation and energy harvesting performances, namely, electromagnetic shunted TMD, where the auxiliary resonance is introduced by R-L-C circuit instead of mass-spring system; series TMDs, which can reduce the weight of the mass needed by 40-50% and the damping force requirement by 85% compared with classic TMDs, and the electromagnetic shunted series TMDs, which can realize the effectiveness of series TMD without having large stoke. The parameters of these TMDs are also optimized in this thesis, either analytically or numerically with decentralized control method. In addition, the dynamics and energy analysis of civil structures with different TMDs are carried out. The available power that can be harvested in typical civil structures is estimated, by the investigating the vibration perception criteria of human beings suggested by International Standard Organization (ISO) and the integrated modeling of wind dynamics and building-TMD systems. Different electromagnetic transducers for converting the vibration energy harvesting into electricity as well controlling the force of vibration mitigation are investigated. The transducers are optimized using finite element analysis for high power density. Besides, prototypes are built and characterized for the practical implementation. In order to harvest energy without harming the vibration mitigation performance, this thesis also investigated and compared several vibration control strategies, namely, semi-active, self-powered active, and passive-matching regenerative along with the relevant electric circuit implementations. The functions of the energy harvesting circuit on damping force control and power regulation, as well as the effectiveness of the control strategies are illustrated by simulation. Finally, a three-story building prototype with electricity-generating TMD composed of a rotational motor and rack-pinion mechanism is built for validation of the simulation results and experimental demonstration of the simultaneous vibration control and energy harvesting. |
