Deer-vehicle collisions: An understanding of accident characteristics and drivers' attitudes, awareness, and involvement

Deer-vehicle collisions (DVCs) create societal impacts throughout the range of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginanus). Numbers of reported DVCs (currently estimated >65,000/yr) in Michigan increased by nearly 60% between 1992-2003. To better understand where and when to direct education and information programs and to assess drivers' knowledge, awareness, and attitudes regarding DVCs, we used Office of Highway Safety Planning crash data (2001-2003; n = 186,930 accidents) and a self-administered mail survey to identify DVC and driver (n = 1,653 valid responses) characteristics in Washtenaw, Oakland, and Monroe Counties in Michigan. These counties vary in intensity of land use, human and deer densities, and patterns of vehicle traffic. Drivers believed DVCs to be a serious problem in their area, were at particular risk of being involved in DVCs between 6pm-6am, and had insufficient knowledge about avoiding a DVC. Roads with higher posted speed limits provided greater risk to drivers of involvement in a DVC. Middle-aged drivers, particularly males, were at greatest risk of being in a DVC. Reporting rates to insurance or police by drivers involved in DVCs were less than 50%. We identify target audiences for educational programs, and indicate the most effective channels for distribution.