| Divisions across the Atlantic have existed since the beginning of the Cold War between the US and its European allies. NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) arose out of this period of instability, exemplifying US strength and European weakness. NATO has since become the longest-standing military Alliance in history, contributing to the deterrent strategy against the Soviet enemy and transforming itself as the Cold War came to an end. Currently, another time of adaptation exists within the post-9/11 era, in which NATO is attempting to remain relevant while addressing the primary threat of international terrorism. This study examines the way in which the US, the Europeans and the EU (European Union) and NATO, are responding to this intensified threat through the war on terrorism. It finds that certain factors are perpetuating the pre-existing divides within the transatlantic relationship into the post-9/11 period. These factors include a military capability gap apparent between the US and Europe, US leadership within NATO and the international system, varying threat perceptions across the Atlantic, divisions within Europe and the EU that spillover into NATO and the transatlantic relationship, and the war in Iraq and the current security environment also exacerbate the situation. In order to demonstrate these factors and their effects on the relations between these three actors, two examples will be incorporated within the chapters, the war in Afghanistan and the European Security and Defence Identity (ESDI). In order for NATO to retain its relevance and make an important contribution to the war on terrorism, these issues must be addressed. Until then, the relations between the US and its European allies will remain tumultuous, impeding the maximizing of potential participation and success in the war on terrorism. |
