| In this thesis, a two-dimensional numerical model, DynRICE, is developed for simulating the surface ice transport process in rivers. This model refined the model of Chen and Chen (1993) by including the water discharge in the ice layer in the hydrodynamic governing equations. A nonlinear seepage theory is used to simulate the water flow in the ice. With these modifications, the grounding of ice rubble is correctly modeled and the water mass is conserved. The finite element model used by Chen (1993) for simulating hydrodynamics is refined by using an improved form of governing equations. A smoothing technique, which is equivalent to the Lax-Wendroff scheme used in the finite difference method, is applied in the water level calculation.; The Lagrangian ice transport model using the Smooth Particle Hydrodynamic (SPH) method is also refined. The Gaussian and the B-spline (M{dollar}sb4){dollar} kernels are used. The heap method is used to sort the parcels into a list based on their x-coordinates at each time step. The heap method is a sort-list method which links parcels directly instead of link parcels to a grid system as in the link-list method used in the method of Chen (1993), the search is faster and more flexible. The boundary detection is carried out based on the geometric features of the finite element along the boundaries. This method is more accurate and flexible than the graphics method used in Chen's (1993) model.; The present model is applied to upper Niagara River and the Grass Island Pool (GIP) area of the River in hydro-vicinity of the power intakes. The simulation results agreed well with physical model results for the GIP and field data for the upper Niagara River. |
