| Reduced pressure distillation was used to reduce water content of crude WPLs from 24.81 to 14.51 wt%, named dewatered WPL (dWPL). Five emulsions were produced with 5-25 wt% dWPL, 5 wt% ethanol, 4 wt% surfactant, 0.15 wt% of a fuel additive, and remainder diesel. Emulsions were tested in a C2.2 engine at three conditions. Max engine duration was 5-25 minutes for dWPL emulsions, where key barriers were injector failure and fuel stability. Ignition delay for dWPLs was found to be 10°CA longer than diesel fuels. In a corrosion study, the mass loss rate for specimens submerged in dWPLs was found to be roughly half that of specimens submerged in WPLs. The absolute mass loss rate for dWPLs at high temperatures (50°C) is non-negligible in engine applications. SEM images of specimens show increased surface roughness, which may cause injector failure when dWPLs are used in engines. |
