| Using source documents and interviews with senior officials, the author builds a chronology and case study on the conduct of financial diplomacy negotiating the implementation of the Enterprise for the Americas Initiative of President George H. W. Bush, 1989–1993. Strategically complementing the Brady Plan and NAFTA, the EAI's formula linked economic reforms, bilateral debt reduction, and the goal of a free trade area of the Americas. Its foreign policy objective was to reverse the region's economic decline and debt crisis of the 1980s through creating a new Latin American and Caribbean political economy that attracted private sector investment, generated growth, sustained democracy, and improved the U.S. competitive position amongst the G-7.; In 32 months Treasury led complex negotiations with 14 federal agencies, 12 Congressional committees, 25 countries, IDB, OAS, IMF, and IBRD. Despite competing foreign and domestic policy demands, the EAI claimed landmark legislation, the {dollar}1.3 billion Multilateral Investment Fund, and 11 debt and 9 environmental agreements with 7 countries affecting {dollar}1.63 billion.; A synthesis of integrative, process and structural analyses of Zartman, Hampsen and Hart reveals how the parties negotiated a mutually agreeable policy initiative. The author extends Double-Edged Diplomacy's “two tables” methodology of international bargaining and domestic politics, which is an outgrowth of Putnam's Diplomacy and Domestic Politics: The Logic of Two-Level Games. Indeed, the answer to the primary research question reveals new quad analytics. The conduct of U.S. diplomacy on the EAI was one set of negotiations in four inter-related inter-agency, Congressional, bilateral and multilateral fora. Its analysis uncovered an accurate understanding of how, why and when the negotiations produced what outcomes.; Parties changed roles, coalitions evolved and different tactics were applied through the negotiation's diagnostic, formula and detail phases. The negotiations were integrated, iterative and dynamic with various parties and fora being more dominant during different phases. Treasury secured agreement to its formula in each phase and forum only compromising on implementing details.; Chairperson of the Supervisory Committee was Professor I. William Zartman, second reader was Professor Riordan Roett, and other members were Professors Charles Doran and Michael Mandelbaum, and Professorial Lecturer Frederick Holborn. |
