| Using the NHES ASPA-2005 (National Household Education Survey After-School Programs and Activities 2005), this study examines how participation in after-school programs influences the possibility of receiving school discipline as well as being retained a grade within school and its relationship with academic achievement. This study also looks at how academic achievement is influenced through school discipline and retention. Considering specific control variables along with predictor variables, a nationally representative sample of 2,439 students, grades 7 and 8, was examined using logistic regression analysis with AM statistical software. Implications from this study support the value of after-school programs in public, city schools. Limitations and ideas for further research are discussed as well. |
