Research On The Characteristics Of Secondary Particles Of High-energy Eosmic Rays And Their Influence On Power Grid Equipment

When high-energy cosmic rays reach the ground in high altitude areas through Extensive Air Showers(EAS),they may cause damage to the power grid equipment.In this paper,the Al2O3 insulators were selected as the target.We studied the development process of EAS and the irradiation effect of typical particles reaching the ground.The main work includes:1)We used the Monte Carlo method(MC)to simulate the development process of EAS in high altitude areas and divided it into two dimensions:longitudinal and lateral to conduct research.In the study of the longitudinal development of EAS,we divided it into three stages and analyzed the development mechanism of the process.We have obtained the type and proportion of secondary particles,the number of secondary particles and the corresponding relationship between the depth at the maximum value of the development and the energy of the incident particle.We have determined key parameters such as particle types and energy that may have a greater impact on insulators in high altitude areas.In the study of the lateral distribution of EAS,we studied the influence of factors such as incident energy,incident zenith angle,incident azimuth angle,ground parameters,and location of power grid equipment,etc.,on the characteristics of EAS secondary particles on the ground,including secondary particle energy and lateral distribution characteristics,etc.,so that we have found out where the secondary particles pose the greatest threat to power grid equipment.2)We used the Monte Carlo method to simulate the radiation effect of secondary electrons and secondary protons on the insulator material in high altitude areas,and studied the particle range distribution,energy and particle deposition and their reactions when the Al2O3 radiated by secondary electron and secondary proton,including:the distribution of vacancy in the insulator material and the law of radiation damage at secondary proton irradiation;energy deposition characteristics of secondary positrons,positive and negative muons,and positive and negative pion mesons irradiated;the critical energy threshold of the generation of vacancy and damage cascade in the insulator at secondary electron irradiation.We also speculate that EAS secondary electron irradiation will change the mechanical and insulation properties of insulators,and provided a theoretical reference for the safety of key power grid equipment in high-altitude areas.