Diversity Of Macrofungi In Junzi Shan

Objective:Junzi Shan located in the east of Yunnan Province has unique karst landform and ecological environment.This thesis takes Junzi Shan as the research area and uses the identification method of classical morphology and molecular methods to systematically investigate the species diversity of the macrofungi in the karst landform represented by Junzi Shan.This study can find out the status of the macrofungi resources in this area,and provide a theoretical basis for full utilization of fungi resources and restoration of the karst landform ecosystem.Methods:The methods of molecular identification and classical morphological taxonomy were used to identify species.Molecular studies include DNA extraction,amplification,and sequencing,GenBank BLAST,molecular phylogenetic analyses based on two genes(ITS and nrLSU).Sequence alignment in the standard database to preliminarily identify genus and species.Taxonomy includes macro-morphological descriptions,micro-morphological characters,and combined with geographical information and ecological habitat.Results:During three consecutive years from 2018 to 2020,a total of 1119 macrofungi specimens from Junzi Shan were collected and studied.And 410 species were identified,belonging to 2 phyla,8 classes,20 orders,56 families and 128 genera.Among them,those ascomycota are from 3 classes,5 orders,11 families,21 genera,and basidiomycota from 5 classes,15 orders,45 families,107 genera.45 species are edible accounting for 10.98%;20 medicinal species accounting for 4.88%;17 poisonous species accounting for 4.15%.243 ectomycorrhizal taxa accounting for 59.27%;55 saprophitic species accounting for 13.41%;one entomogenous fungus accounting for 0.24%.173 suspected new species accounting for 42.20%.4 newly recorded species in China:Mallocybe myriadophylla(Vauras&E.Larss.)Matheny&Esteve-Rav.,Marasmius brunneospermus Har.Takah.,Marasmius macrocystidiosus Kiyashko&E.F.Malysheva,Lactifluus albopicrus T.Lebel&L.Tegart.2 newly recorded species in Yunnan Province:Amanita caesareoides Lj.N.Vassiljeva,Tricholosporum porphyrophyllum(S.Imai)Guzman ex T.J.Baroni.1 new combination species:Leccinellum sinoaurantiacus(M.Zang&R.H.Petersen)M.MU&L.P.Tang.There are 8 dominant families(the family consisting of more than 10 species),including 264 species account for 64.39%of the total species of macrofungi in this area.There are 11 dominant genera(the genera consisting of more than 5 species),including 210 species account for 51.22%of the total species of macrofungi in this area.The results of the endangerment rating assessment of large fungal species showed that 1 macrofungi species were assessed as NT(Near Threatened),Cantharellus lateritius(Berk.)Singer,44 species were assessed as DD(Data Deficient),75 species were assessed as LC(Least Concern).Therefore,there are 119 species in the Red List of Junzi Shan.Two new species have been discovered and published:Amanita fense M.Mu&L.P.Tang,Gerhardtia yunnanensis M.MU&L.P.Tang.Conclusions:The preliminary survey results of species diversity of macrofungi in Shizong county showed that wild fungi diversity was rich in the unique karst landform of Shizong county,most of which were ectomycorrhizal,some wild mushrooms with economic value,and some new species and new recorded species.It is worth noting that the proportion of species listed in the Red List of fungi and suspected new species is very large.Therefore,this study is helpful for understanding the ecosystem status of karst landforms and layes a solid foundation for further understanding the true status of wild fungal resources in China.