| Mammals are susceptible to external environment of the bad stimulation,such as the influence of noise and light which noise is mainly divided into traffic noise(mainly produced by vehicles in the process of driving interfere with the voice of the people and animals normal life)and industrial noise(mainly refers to the equipment factory in the process of production due to the impact of friction and air vibration and the annoying sound).Light,as a harmful physical stimulus,includes four characteristics of photoperiodic light intensity wavelength and light source.For some small mammals that coexist with humans,it is highly susceptible to traffic noise and light,among which different intensity of traffic noise and light stimulation can directly affect the mood and learning of small mammals.Learning,memory,and the ability to cope with emotional events is a powerful survival strategy in which learning is a process in which humans and other animals change their behavior as a result of experimentation or access to environmental information,and memory is a process of storing and retrieving information.At present,the main research methods to define learning and memory ability include Y-type maze test,water maze test and platform suppression and avoidance experiment.Behavior discrimination and classification is one of the preconditions and important contents of animal ecology research.By distinguishing and recognizing the activities of animals,such as rest,feeding and modification,we can understand their ecological functions more systematically.When the animal body by the external environment of the bad stimulation,highly Reactive molecules within the body(Reactive oxygen species,ROS)concentration,oxidation degree beyond the removal ability of oxidant,oxidation and anti-oxidation system imbalance,leads to the imbalance of oxidative stress,in the process of oxidative stress imbalance,due to free radical oxidative stress,a tissue of macromolecular materials such as lipid,occur in various degree of oxidation reaction,cause degeneration crosslinking fracture,eventually leading to oxidative damage.And oxidative stress in study and main biomarkers of oxidative damage Malondialdehyde(MDA)concentration Superoxide dismutase(SOD)concentration of Acetylcholinesterase(ACh E)concentration and Nitric oxide synthase(NOS)concentrations,and SOD activity of ACh E and NOS.Among them,the degree of oxidative stress and oxidative damage has important biological significance in the study of animal's recognition and memory ability.As a new experimental animal,Tupaia Belangeri has an important application value in the field of medical biology research.In this paper,traffic noise and artificial light were used as environmental factors to study the effects of adverse environmental stimuli on the behavior,activity,learning and memory ability and oxidative stress of the T.belangeri.This study selected T.belangeri as the research object,investigated in T.belangeri imposed the traffic noise of different intensity and artificial lighting,and tested the relevant physiological indexes,finally to study the effects of traffic noise and artificial lighting is how the sino-burmese T.belangeri behavior and the ability of learning and memory,thus to further study the external environment of bad stimulation influence in T.belangeri the basic mechanisms of learning and memory and oxidative stress and provide certain theoretical basis for the relationship between the decline of memory.(1)The influence of traffic noise on behavioral learning,memory and oxidative stress of T.belangeriIn order to investigate the correlation between the noise stimulation to the T.belangeri,body mass,food intake,behavioral changes,the ability of learning and memory,and concentrations of the brain MDA,SOD,ACh E and NOS concentration,SOD,ACh E and NOS activity under the condition of constant stimulation 8 hours for0 d B,40 d B and 80 d B noise last for 28 days respectively.The results showed that different noises had different effects on body mass in T.belangeri.Body mass showed significant differences among three groups on day 28,which was lower under the condition of 80 d B.The variation trend of food intake was similar to that of body mass changes.Higher noise intensity reduced feeding and activity behavior significantly in T.belangeri,and increased rest behavior,but had no significant effect on the modification behavior.On day 28,there was a significant difference in the correct response rate among the different noise groups,The correct reaction rate is the lowest under the condition of 80 d B.The influence of different noises on MDA concentration,SOD concentration and ACh E concentration is significant,among which,the concentration of MDA and SOD is higher and the concentration of ACh E is lower under the condition of 80 d B.The influence of NOS concentration,NOS activity,SOD activity and ACh E activity was very significant,among which SOD activity was higher under the condition of 80 d B,while NOS concentration,NOS activity and ACh E activity were lower.The above results suggest that the heavy noise can reduce the weight,food intake,feeding behavior and activity behavior of the T.belangeri,increase the rest behavior,and induce the cognitive impairment of the T.belangeri.In addition,intense noise stimulation can lead to increased oxidative stress and different degrees of oxidative damage in the brain tissue of Chinese And Burmese T.belangeri.(2)Effects of light on behavioral learning,memory and oxidative stress in T.belangeriTo investigate the effects of different photoperiod intensities on the body mass,behavior changes and learning and memory ability in Tupaia belangeri,body mass,food intake,behavior and learning and memory ability,concentrations of the brain MDA,SOD,ACh E and NOS,as well as SOD,ACh E and NOS activity were measured in T.belangeri,which were continuously exposed to 50 W,100 W and 200 W for 28 consecutive days.The results showed that different photoperiod intensity had different effects on body mass,which was lower at 200 W group.Changes of food intake were similar to body mass in T.belangeri under different photoperiod conditions.Higher photoperiod intensity reduced feeding behavior and increased resting behavior significantly,but had no significant effect on modification behavior and activity behavior.On day 28,there was a significant difference in recognition accuracy among different photoperiod intensity groups.Different photoperiod intensity had significant effects on the concentration of MDA,SOD and SOD activity,and the activities of NOS and ACh E,but had no effects on the concentrations of NOS and ACh E.All of the results indicated that higher photoperiod intensity reduced body mass and feeding behavior,increased rest behavior,and induced cognitive impairment in T.belangeri.Moreover,higher photoperiod intensity increased the level of oxidative stress in brain tissue and caused different degrees of oxidative damage.To sum up,in T.belangeri are highly susceptible to external environment of the bad stimulation,especially the stimulation of traffic noise and light one because in T.belangeri are symbiotic with people,the main line of species,the more vulnerable to the impact of traffic noise,at the same time in T.belangeri activities related to the intensity of the stimulus by stimuli,learning and memory ability with their own body of oxidative stress and is related to oxidative damage. |
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