The Chemical Communication Research Based On The Urine To Reproductive Biology In Tree Shrews(Tupaia Belangeri )

Olfactory communication acts the key role in mammalian reproductive behaviour and social behaviour.The chemical constituents of urines are the main signal resource that can encode sex,quality,social class and so on.Animals rely on urine to recognize sex and choose mate.Urine plays the key role in mammalian reproductive behaviour.Tupaia belangeri is a model animal for the study of many important diseases in humans.In this dissertation,tree shrews(Tupaia belangeri)were used as experimental animals,their behaviour responded to female urine in the different breeding season(oestrum,pregnancy,lactation)were observed,and proved the tree shrew different behavioural responses to the body and urine odour of both sex.Then the volatile constitutes in the urines were investigated by GC-MS,in the interest of probe into the mate selection preference of male tree shrews and ascertain the special pheromones which cause the mate selection preference.Furthermore,we used gas chromatography and mass spectrometry(GC-MS)to investigate the volatile components of the urines of wild,accumulated,and breeding animals.In addition,we provided detailed description for behavior patterns of battery tree shrew and blood parameter.The main results and conclusions of this dissertation are as follows:1.The volatile constituents of urine were analysed by GC-MS.The results showed that: Hydrocarbons were the major components.Hexadecane,2,6,10,14-tetramethyl-;Hexadecanoic acid,ethyl ester;Hexadecen-1-ol,trans-9-Nonadecane;Nonanal;n-Pentadecylcyclohexane were the special chemical constituents in the urine of wild.Cyclopentadecanone,4-methyl-was the special chemical constituent in the urine of accumulated.1,13-Tetradecadiene was the special chemical constituent in the urine of breeding.The wild individuals with relative abundant food sources have more components than the artificial diet rearing,there are differences in the chemical compositions of different genders urine.The results indicated that food factors may be one of the reasons for the differences in chemicalcomposition of urine.2.Male tree shrews' behaviour to the urinary odour of oestrum,gestation,and lactation were investigated respectively by Y-maze,The volatile constituents of urine were analysed by GC-MS.The results showed that:(1)Male tree shrew' stay duration to urinary odour of lact were obviously more than oestrum and gestation.(2)Hexadecane was the special chemical constituent in the urine of oestrum.2,3-Hexanedione;2-Buten-1-ol,3-methyl-were the special chemical constituents in the urine of gestation.Cyclohexanone,2-methyl-5-(1-methylethenyl)-was the special chemical constituent in the urine of location.The results indicated that the special chemical constituents in female urine can influence males' mate choice.3.Both sexes tree shrews' behaviour to individual and the urinary odour of both sexes were investigated respectively by Y-maze,The volatile constituents of urine were analysed by GC-MS.The results showed that:(1)Male tree shrews' stay duration to the individual and urinary odour of both sexs were different.(2)Thiirane,methyl-;Pyrazine were the special chemical constituents in the female urine.à-Farnesene;9-Octadecenal;Cyclopropane,pentyl-were the special chemical constituents in the male urine.The results indicated that individual and the urinary odour are a crucial role in sex recognition of tree shrews.4.Behavior of tree shrews in cages were investigated,the results showed that: Defined the behavior,including activity,feeding,mating,grooming,marking,attack,storing food,defense and other 11 kinds of behavior.The main features of mating behavior: short time but several times.The peak period of activity behavior,mating and feeding behavior was related to the appearance and disappearance of light,which showed the behavior of battery tree shrew have circadian rhythm.The results indicated that circadian rhythm of behavior is influenced by photoperiod in battery tree shrews.5.Through the determination of blood physiological index found that with the increase of domestication time,plasma estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)decreased significantly,indicating long-term acclimation of tree shrews had lower ability in estrus.in plasma hormone,high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),total bileacid(TPA),lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)and uric acid(UA)content of long-term acclimation of tree shrews increased significantly,indicating that the long-term tethering reduced metabolic ability of tree shrews.In one word,the odour of urine can encode female reproductive status and gender information,tree shrews rely these to choose mate and recognize sex.The chemical communication based on urine p Iays an important roIe in the reproducing of Tupaia belangeri.