| Knowing the activity patterns of bird communities at airports is important for the prevention of bird strikes.From July 2019 to August 2020,a line transect method was used to investigate the bird diversity at the airport in eastern Hebei Plain,analyze the composition and dynamics of the airport bird community,identify the high risk birds at the airport,and discuss the impact of flight on the airport bird community.The results are as follows:1 Composition and dynamics of bird communityFrom July 2019 to August 2020,there are 68 species of birds belonging to 28 families and12 genera.The airport birds are mainly summer migratory birds and travelling birds,with finches and omnivorous birds being the dominant taxa.In terms of the regional distribution of birds,there were significant differences(P<0.05)in the number of species and activity frequency of individual density of birds in different areas.Area J,located on the westernmost side of the main runway,has the highest frequency of bird activity,density of individuals,number of species and diversity index;Area A,located between the runs and slides,has the highest evenness index;Areas D and F,located on the southern side of the main runway,have the highest similarity of bird composition(0.875).In terms of changes in daily bird activity,birds are most frequent during the 6:00am-8:00am in spring,summer and autumn,and during the 8:00am-10:00am in winter.Omnivorous,insectivorous,motile and vegetarian birds are most active in Area J.Carnivorous birds were most active in Area B.Omnivorous,insectivorous,plant-feeding and carnivorous birds were most active between 6:00am-7:00am.The most frequent activity of motile birds was between 16:00pm-17:00pm.Various community parameters of birds were greater in autumn than in other seasons,such as individual density of birds,frequency of bird movements,number of bird species;the highest index of bird diversity and evenness was found in spring;the species composition of birds was more similar in summer and autumn than in other seasons(0.593).2 Dynamic analysis of high risk bird speciesAfter comprehensive risk assessment,airport birds are divided into four risk levels,namely,grade I hazard,class II hazard,class III hazard and general hazard.After comprehensive evaluation,there are 25 species of grade Ⅲ dangerous birds(R≥5)in the airport,including 5species of grade Ⅰ dangerous birds.Class I threatened birds are most active at the airport from7:00am-8:00am and 15:00pm-17:00pm.There are 8 species of grade Ⅱ dangerous birds,and the main activity time of class Ⅱ dangerous birds is from 8:00am-9:00am and from 16:00pm-17:00pm.There are 12 species of grade Ⅲ dangerous birds,and the main activity time of gradeⅢ dangerous birds is mainly from 7:00am-9:00am and from 15:00pm-16:00pm.The most frequent activity areas of grade Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ dangerous birds are mainly concentrated in J area,H area,I area and B area.3 The impact of flight on the movement of bird communities at airportsFlight activities will have an impact on the activities of bird communities at the airport.On the flight day,the number of individual birds at the airport was significantly reduced on flight days(P<0.01)and the number of species of birds was reduced,but not significantly different compared to non-flight days(P>0.05).On flight days,all areas of the airport showed fewer bird species and individuals,with some areas between the runway and taxiway showing a significant reduction in bird species(C,E,G)and number of individuals(C,G),but no significant difference compared to non-flight days(P>0.05).The responses of different birds at the airport to flight activities are not exactly the same,in which the number of individuals of 7species of birds decreased significantly on the flight day,in contrast,the numbers of eight bird species increased significantly on flight days.There was no significant change in the species composition and diversity of the airport bird community.Of the 10 sample areas surveyed,6had significant or highly significant changes in the number of bird species or individuals during flight days,and four had no significant changes.The impact of flight days on birds in different areas of the airport is different.Birds show strong adaptability to the airport. |
