The Survey Of Avian Community Composition And Risk Assessment Of Bird Strike At Longjia Airport In Changchun

Bird strike is an event in which a bird(or bat)collides with an aircraft in flight,causing damage to the aircraft.With the development of the aviation industry and the increase in bird activities,the incidence of bird strike accidents is increasing every year,which poses a severe threat to the safety of airport aviation operations.The occurrence of bird strikes is closely related to bird species composition,ecological habitat,and behaviors.There are also significant differences in the environmental environment and bird composition in different airports.It is of great scientific significance to carry out an in-depth investigation of the ecological environment of the bird community in airports for bird strike prevention.Changchun Longjia Airport is an important international and regional airport in northeast China.The habitats around the airport are complex,including woodland,wetland,farmland,and other habitats that attract birds.In this study,a one-year bird community survey was conducted from October 2020 to September 2021 to analyze the bird species composition,community structure,and diversity at the airport and evaluate the bird strike risk of various birds using the importance value(IV)method.In total,109 bird species were recorded at Longjia Airport,of which 55 were Passerines.In terms of the number of birds,there are three dominant species,including Tree Sparrow(Passer montanus),Domestic Pigeon(Columba livia domestica),and Eastern Spot-billed Duck(Anas zonorhyncha),23 common species and 83 rare species.There was a significant seasonal variation in the composition of birds at the airport,with the largest species and number occurred in March-April and September-October.Secondly,the spatial distribution of birds is closely related to ecological types and habitats around the airport.For example,waterbirds such as Mallard and Eastern Spotbilled Duck(Anas platyrhynchos)are mainly distributed in the Yinma River northeast of the airport.Common Pheasant(Phasianus colchicus)is distributed primarily in grassland and woodland.Raptor is distributed mainly for woodland and farmland.Barn Swallows(Hirundo rustica)are distributed mainly in residential areas and wetland areas.According to the risk assessment of bird strikes,13 species were at serious risk in Longjia Airport,including one species of raptor: Common Kestrel(Falco tinnunculus),and four species of waterbirds: Grey Heron(Ardea cinerea),Great Egret(Ardea alba),Swan Goose(Anser cygnoides),Northern Lapwing(Vanellus vanellus).Domestic Pigeon,Turtle Dove(Streptopelia orientalis),and Common Pheasant are three land birds,and Red-rumped Swallow(Cecropis daurica),Barn Swallow,Oriental Magpie(Pica pica)are 3 Passerine birds.In addition,two other dangerous species,such as Mallard and Eastern Spot-billed Duck,are at greater risk during migration season.As a whole,we believe that the relationship between the distribution of birds and the ecological environment is the critical reason for the complexity of the bird composition in Longjia airport.For example,the airport lawn area and abundant insects(such as a locust)is the critical reason to attract Barn Swallow and Common Kestrel.In addition,large wetland areas(such as: Yinma River)around the airport attracted a large population of waterbirds(Anatidae and Ardeidae).The woodland and farmland surrounding the airport also significantly impacted the composition of birds at the airport,which would require further monitoring in the future.Combined with the existing bird strike prevention measures,we suggest that Longjia Airport needs further to improve the prevention of bird strike prevention procedures.According to ecological bird prevention measures,such as habitat management to low the bird-attracting of wetland,grassland,and food sources.Given raptors and migratory birds that pose a significant threat to the airport,directional sound waves and laser bird repellent devices can be introduced to carry out bird repellent and prevention.In the future,an automatic bird monitoring and early warning system based on radar automated bird detection technology can also be introduced to improve significantly the level of bird suvery and prevention at airports.